All patients were diagnosed according to The Guidelines of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease formulated by COPD team of Respiratory Disease Branch of Chinese Medical Association,9 and all of them were at the stage of acute exacerbation, i.e., they had any two of the following symptoms: aggravated anhelation accompanied by gasp and chest distress; aggravated cough and increased purulent sputum; fever; rhonchi and wheezing rale; respiratory failure.
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