The markedly dilated GCV drains in to the coronary sinus (Figure 2) and contains multiple atherosclerotic spotty calcifications secondary to chronic systemic arterial pressure (venous
arterialization).
Spectral Doppler analysis shows elevated PSV of over 3 m/s with only the arterial flow component in PA or
arterialization of a venous waveform in AVF.
Due to portal obstruction, schistosomiasis patients present hepatic sinusoidal
arterialization. Consequently, they are more vulnerable to sudden falls in blood pressure due to UGB episodes, developing focal areas of hepatic necrosis.
As reported by Hibi and colleagues, patients who underwent a nonphysiological reconstruction (i.e., CPHT, RPA, and
arterialization) showed not only higher morbidity rates but also shorter 1-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival compared to patients with PVT treated with a physiological approach (p = 0.043) [3].
This study characterizes the morphological aspects in the early
arterialization of the vascular wall in a vein graft process.
Histopathologic findings include medial hypertrophy and muscularization of arterioles, moderate intimal fibrosis, medial hypertrophy and
arterialization of veins, dilatation of lymphatics, interstitial edema, interstitial fibrosis, and hemosiderosis (Figure 3).
The vessel abnormalities in IMHMV have been reported to resemble histologically failed saphenous vein grafts from patients that have undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery [18] as well as stenotic arteriovenous fistulas in dialysis patients [19], suggesting an "
arterialization" of veins due to increased intraluminal pressure.
Few cases of penile revascularization for ischemia using
arterialization of the deep dorsal vein have been reported.
The volunteers' left hand and forearm were immersed in water at 42-44[degrees]C for 8 min to allow for
arterialization of the venous blood (Hadjicharalambous et al., 2008).