culpability--deliberate or intentional--for the final
attenuation factorLet us define the
attenuation factor [alpha] = Im[[V.sup.2]]/[[absolute value of V].sup.2] (where V is a complex velocity [7]) that corresponds to the definition of the quality factor Q = 2[pi]E/[DELTA]E, where E is the wave energy and [DELTA]E is the energy lost per cycle due to attenuation [9].
The [mu] factor is obtained from the energy registered for the study in the XCOM database [44], which exists for concrete and lead, where mass transmission coefficient is obtained and, hence, the
attenuation factor.
This is understood as precipitation is a major
attenuation factor in radio communications especially at high frequencies [6, 10, 11].
The attenuation characteristic can be described by the
attenuation factor [K.sub.r]; then
where [alpha] is the
attenuation factor and [beta] is the phase factor.
On the other hands, due to the frequency dependence of attenuation (high
attenuation factor for high frequency components) , number of high frequency AE due to fiber breakage (550-650kHz) is drastically reduced for the results of 20 and 30 mm propagation lentgh (Fig.