Those having shorter variable number tandem repeat sequences in the IDDM2 (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 2) locus located upstream from the insulin gene are more susceptible to
autoimmune diabetes [10, 25].
Genetic similarities between latent
autoimmune diabetes in adults, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.
Hirsch said that by a very conservative estimate there are 1.1 million American adults with type 1 diabetes of either the classic type or latent
autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA), a group whose absolute need for exogenous insulin is somewhere between that of classic childhood-onset type 1 diabetes and adult type 2 disease.
Several autoimmune diseases are also commonly seen in Down's syndrome other than
autoimmune diabetes and thyroid disease such as alopecia, vitiligo, celiac disease, chronic active hepatitis and hypoparathyroidism (5-8).
In particular, prevalence of
autoimmune diabetes appears to be very high in geographically isolated countries like Sardinia [11, 12].
Further, oral delivery of CTB-autoantigen conjugates were shown to suppress diabetes insulitis and hyperglycemia in NOD mice and several other animal
autoimmune diabetes models [21, 22].
For this reason, GADA testing is preferred over ICA testing when the diagnosis of latent
autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) is sought in individuals with long-standing diabetes (42).
A relatively simple screening tool helps determine whether patients who present with adult-onset diabetes have type 2 disease or latent
autoimmune diabetes, according to Dr.
Many new cases of diabetes are due to an overlooked autoimmune etiology called latent
autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA), which is often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes [6].
Autoantibodies against [beta]-cells can be detected before clinical onset of DM1 (2, 3) and can help to distinguish type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) from latent
autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA) (4), which may represent one-half of cases of
autoimmune diabetes (1).
Latent
autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a subtype of type 1 diabetes.
Individuals classified with type 2 diabetes but positive for islet autoantibodies (representing slow-onset type 1 diabetes, latent
autoimmune diabetes in the adult, or type 1.5 diabetes) are also being tested to determine whether they are suitable for immune intervention to preserve their [beta]-cell function.