The localization of RPGRIP1L to the ciliary
axoneme, basal bodies, and centrosome or cytoplasm suggested a shuttling of RPGRIP1L between these different subcellular compartments.
Microscopic analysis revealed an absence of one of the microtubule doublets in three of the outer doublets of the
axoneme, thereby establishing a diagnosis of isolated ciliary dysfunction.
The tail of the sperm is prepared by mitochondria, outer dense fiber (ODF) and
axoneme. The positive results observed in the tail of sperm showed that there is a relationship between the CDC25A protein and the motility of the sperm.
In human sperm, the mitochondrial sheath is organized in a helix of approximately 13 gyres surrounding the
axoneme in the midpiece.
Midpiece (MP) with
axoneme surrounded by round mitochondria (M).
(2002) Hyperactivated motility of bull sperm is triggered at the
axoneme by [Ca.sup.2+] and not cAMP.
Other ultrastructural defects those lead to ineffective ciliary motility include isolated absence of inner dynein arms or radial spokes, transposition of microtubules to the center of
axoneme, missing nexin links etc., [sup][2] The clinical diagnosis of PCD is established in:
It has been reported [50] that the
axoneme and mitochondria in sperms may be damaged by a high level of ROS.
Mean [t.sub.f] Mean fs [+ or -] Mean Seed for microtubule [+ or -] standard standard error assembly error 0.55 [+ or -] 0.09 3.85 [+ or -] 0.57 4.4
Axoneme - XMAP215 (n = 5) (n = 17) 0.63 [+ or -] 0.11 2.33 [+ or -] 0.37 2.96
Axoneme + XMAP215 (n = 6) (n = 11) 0.44 [+ or -] 0.04 0.54 [+ or -] 0.08 0.98 Microtubule fragments (n = 8) (n = 6) Mean [t.sub.f] Reference [+ or -] standard error 0.55 [+ or -] 0.09 [10] (n = 5) 0.63 [+ or -] 0.11 [10] (n = 6) 0.44 [+ or -] 0.04 [11] (n = 8) n: number of samples measured.
A 9 + 9 + 2
axoneme pattern is the most common pattern within the Curculionidae (Gassner et al.
In addition, cryopreservative protection leads to changes in DNA, sperm cytoskeleton, inhibition of sperm-ovule binding, and destruction of sperm
axoneme, and consequently reduction of its mobility.