fumigatus has been reported previously which includes [beta]-Glucosidase (Rudick and Elbein, 1975), xylolytic enzymes (Flannigan and Sellars, 1978),
cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes (Krikstaponis et al., 2001) and [beta]-1,3-glucanases (Mouyna et al., 2013).
The third part (10 mL of rumen fluid) was used for variable bacteria counts (
cellulolytic, proteolytic, and amylolytic) using the roll-tube technique [20].
Five bacterial groups were selected and classified according to their metabolic ability: bacteria capable of producing lactic acid (lactic acid bacteria) and those capable of degrading cellulose (
cellulolytic bacteria), lipids (lipolytic bacteria), proteins (proteolytic bacteria) or starches (amylolytic bacteria).
Finally, unlike other teredinid species, which harbor
cellulolytic endosymbionts (Waterbury et al., 1983; Distel et al., 1991, 2017), the symbiont community of K polythalamius is composed of sulphur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria, implying that reduced sulphur compounds, rather than wood, provide the major source of nutritional energy for large sediment-dwelling individuals of this species (Distel et al., 2017).
Cellulolytic ability of a promising Irpex lacteus (Basidiomycota: Polyporales) strain from the subtropical rainforest of Misiones province, Argentina
Ruminants have evolved to consume, and are the most efficient in fermenting
cellulolytic and fibrous plant material.
(1993) found that ruminal digestion of cellulose and other fibrous components increased when tocopherol and [alpha]-[beta]-carotene were added in in vitro ruminal cultures, stimulating
cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria.
These groups of microorganisms account for the soil functional diversity and are directly associated with its health and fertility (i.e.,
cellulolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic, phosphate solubilizers, nitrogen-fixing bacteria with glucose as a carbon source, nitrogen-fixing bacteria with malate as a carbon source, Actinobacteria, total fungi, and heterotrophic bacteria).
As a result of this versatility, Trichoderma species are very useful in many aspects that range from plant biocontrol [9] to various sorts of industries [10-13], especially for the
cellulolytic enzymes produced by them.