circulation

cir·cu·la·tion

 (sûr′kyə-lā′shən)

n.

1. Movement in a circle or circuit, especially the movement of blood through bodily vessels as a result of the heart's pumping action.

2.

a. Movement or passage through a system of vessels, as of water through pipes; flow.

b. Free movement or passage.

3. The passing of something, such as money or news, from place to place or person to person.

4.

a. The condition of being passed about and widely known; distribution.

b. Dissemination of printed material, especially copies of newspapers or magazines, among readers.

c. The number of copies of a publication sold or distributed.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

circulation

(ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən)

n

1. (Physiology) the transport of oxygenated blood through the arteries to the capillaries, where it nourishes the tissues, and the return of oxygen-depleted blood through the veins to the heart, where the cycle is renewed

2. (Botany) the flow of sap through a plant

3. any movement through a closed circuit

4. the spreading or transmission of something to a wider group of people or area

5. (of air and water) free movement within an area or volume

6. (Journalism & Publishing)

a. the distribution of newspapers, magazines, etc

b. the number of copies of an issue of such a publication that are distributed

7. (Library Science & Bibliography) library science

a. a book loan, as from a library lending department

b. each loan transaction of a particular book

c. the total issue of library books over a specified period

8. (Banking & Finance) a rare term for circulating medium

9. (Banking & Finance) (of currency) serving as a medium of exchange

10. (of people) active in a social or business context

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

cir•cu•la•tion

(ˌsɜr kyəˈleɪ ʃən)

n.

1. an act or instance of circulating.

2. the continuous movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels, maintained chiefly by the action of the heart.

3. any similar circuit, passage, or flow, as of the sap in plants or air currents in a room.

4. the transmission or passage of anything from place to place or person to person; dissemination.

5. the distribution of copies of a periodical among readers.

6. the number of items distributed over a given period, as copies of a periodical sold by a publisher, or books lent by a library.

7. the total of coins, notes, bills, etc., in use as money.

Idioms:

in circulation, participating actively in social or business life.

[1645–55]

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

cir·cu·la·tion

(sûr′kyə-lā′shən)

The flow of blood as it is pumped by the heart to all the tissues of the body and then back to the heart. Blood that is rich in oxygen is carried away from the heart by the arteries, and blood that is low in oxygen is returned to the heart by the veins. Nutrients and waste products are exchanged between the blood and the tissues of the body through the circulation.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	circulation - the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines) airing, dissemination, public exposure, spreading - the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate
	2.	circulation - movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels organic phenomenon - (biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals blood pressure - the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health; "adult blood pressure is considered normal at 120/80 where the first number is the systolic pressure and the second is the diastolic pressure" systemic circulation - circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs pulmonary circulation - circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs vitelline circulation - circulation of blood between the embryo and the yolk sac
	3.	circulation - (library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period library science - the study of the principles and practices of library administration count - the total number counted; "a blood count"
	4.	circulation - number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold; "by increasing its circulation the newspaper hoped to increase its advertising" count - the total number counted; "a blood count"
	5.	circulation - free movement or passage (as of cytoplasm within a cell or sap through a plant); "ocean circulation is an important part of global climate"; "a fan aids air circulation" plant life, flora, plant - (botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion change of location, travel - a movement through space that changes the location of something
	6.	circulation - the spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area spreading, spread - act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time recirculation - circulation again

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

circulation

noun

1. distribution, currency, readership The paper once had the highest circulation of any daily in the country.

2. bloodstream, blood flow Anyone with circulation problems should seek medical advice before flying.

3. flow, circling, motion, rotation Fit a ventilated lid to allow circulation of air.

4. spread, distribution, transmission, dissemination measures inhibiting the circulation of useful information

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

circulation

noun

1. Circular movement around a point or about an axis:

circuit, circumvolution, gyration, revolution, rotation, turn, wheel, whirl.

2. The passing out or spreading about of something:

dispersal, dispersion, dissemination, distribution.

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations

إنْتِشارتَوْزِيع

oběh

cirkulationomløb

KreislaufVerbreitungBlutkreislauf

κυκλοφορίαδιακίνηση

circulacióntirada

kierto

circulation

cirkulacija

keringésterjesztés

hringrás; blóîrás; útbreiîsla

circolazionetiratura

循環

순환

verspreiding

sirkulasjonsirkuleringomløp

krążenie

circulação

циркуляцияоборот

kroženjenakladaobtok krvi

cirkulering

การหมุนเวียน

deverandolaşımkan dolaşımı

sự lưu thông

循环

circulation

[ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən] N

1. (gen) → circulación f
to withdraw sth from circulation → retirar algo de la circulación
to put into circulation → poner en circulación
he's back in circulation → se está dejando ver otra vez

2. (= number of papers printed) → tirada f

3. (Med) she has poor circulation → tiene mala circulación

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

circulation

[ˌsɜː^rkjʊˈleɪʃ^ən] n

[blood] → circulation f

[newspaper] → tirage m

to be in circulation [money] → être en circulation
to be out of circulation, to be withdrawn from circulation [money] → être hors de la circulation, être retiré(e) de la circulation
to be out of circulation [person] (gen) → avoir disparu de la circulation; [prisoner] → être en prison

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

circulation

n

(= act of circulating) (Med) → Kreislauf m, → Zirkulation f; (of traffic) → Ablauf m, → Fluss m; (of money also) → Umlauf m; (of news, rumour) → Kursieren nt; to have poor circulation → Kreislaufstörungen haben; to put notes into circulation → Banknoten in Umlauf bringen; this coin was withdrawn from or taken out of circulation → diese Münze wurde aus dem Verkehr gezogen; new words which come into circulation → Wörter, die neu in Umlauf kommen; he’s back in circulation now (inf) → er mischt wieder mit (inf); to be out of circulation (inf) (person) → von der Bildfläche or in der Versenkung verschwunden sein; (criminal, politician) → aus dem Verkehr gezogen worden sein; the ideas then in circulation → die Ideen, die damals im Schwang(e) waren

(of newspaper etc) → Auflage(nziffer) f; for private circulation → zum privaten Gebrauch

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

circulation

[ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃ/ən] n (gen) → circolazione f; (of news) → diffusione f; (of newspaper) → tiratura
she has poor circulation (Med) → ha una cattiva circolazione
to withdraw sth from circulation → togliere or ritirare qc dalla circolazione
he's back in circulation (fam) → è tornato in circolazione

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

circulate

(ˈsəːkjuleit) verb

1. to (cause to) go round in a fixed path coming back to a starting-point. Blood circulates through the body. sirkuleer يَدورُ حَوْل циркулирам circular cirkulovat, obíhat zirkulieren cirkulere κυκλοφορώcircular ringlema, ringlema laskma دور زدن؛ دور گشتن kiertää circuler לְהִסתוֹבֵב संचार, परिभ्रमण kružiti, kolati, cirkulirati kering beredar streyma (í hring) circolare 循環する 순환하다 cirkuliuoti, daryti apytaką cirkulēt peredaran circulerensirkulere, være i omløpkrążyć, puszczać w obieg ګرد، چا پېره، ګرځېدل (لكه وينه په بدن كى): له يوه ځايه په بل ځاى ته يا ديوه سړى څه بل ته تېرول ، خپرېدل يا خپرول circular a circula циркулировать obiehať krožiti kružiti cirkulera ไหลเวียน dolaşmak, devam etmek 循環 обертатися, циркулювати گردش کرنا tuần hoàn 循环

2. to (cause to) spread or pass around (news etc). There's a rumour circulating that she is getting married. in omloop bring يَنْشُر، يَنْتَشِر разпространявам (се) circular rozšiřovat; kolovat in Umlauf sein sætte i omløb; cirkulere κυκλοφορώhacer circular liikvele laskma, ringlema پراکنده کردن؛ پخش کردن kiertää circuler לְהָפִיץ फैल जाना pustiti u opticaj terjed mengedarkan berast/breiðast út circolare, diffondere 広まる 유포하다 skleisti, sklisti klīst (par baumām u.c.) sebar rondgaangå rundt, spre rozpowszechniać, krążyć پراګنده کول circular a circula; a pune în cir­cu­laţie распространяться rozšíriť sa, dať do obehu krožiti kružiti sprida, cirkulera กระจาย yaymak 散佈，流傳 поширювати(ся) خبر مشہور ہونا lan truyền 流传，散布

ˌcircuˈlation noun

sirkulasie إنْتِشار циркулиране circulação oběh der Kreislauf cirkulation; omløb κυκλοφορίαcirculación ringlus, vereringe گردش؛ چرخش kierto circulation מַחֲזוֹר הַדָם प्रचलन, संचार kruženje, kolanje, cirkulacija keringés; terjesztés; példányszám sirkulasi hringrás; blóðrás; útbreiðsla circolazione 循環 순환 cirkuliacija, plitimas, tiražas cirkulācija; klīšana; tirāža peredaran circulatiesirkulasjon, sirkulering, omløpobieg, nakład ګرد، چا پېره، ګرځېدل (لكه وينه په بدن كى): له يوه ځايه په بل ځاى ته يا ديوه سړى څه بل ته تېرول ، خپرېدل يا خپرول circulação circulaţie циркуляция obeh kroženje kruženje cirkulation การเคลื่อนไหวโดยอิสระ dolaşım, deveran 循環 кругообіг; циркуляція گردش ، دوران sự lưu thông 循环

ˈcirculatory (-lə-) adjective

sirkulerend دَوْري، دَوَراني отнасяш се до циркулацията circulatório oběhový, cirkulační zirkulierend cirkel- κυκλοφοριακόςcirculatorio vereringe- گردشی verenkierto- circulatoire שֶל מַחֲזוֹר הַדָם परिसंचारी optjecajni keringési memutar blóðrásar-; hringrásar- circolatorio 循環の 순환의 cirkuliuojantis, apykaitos cirkulējošs berkaitan peredaran circulerendsirkulasjons-, omløps- krążeniowy ګرځیدل circulatório circulator циркулирующий obehový krožen, cirkulacijski cirkulatorni cirkulations-, cirkulerande ซึ่งเคลื่อนไหวโดยอิสระ dolaşıma ait, kan dolaşımıyla ilgili 循環的 циркуляційний دوران خون یا گردش سے متعلق thuộc sự lưu thông 循环的

Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

circulation

→ تَوْزِيع oběh cirkulation Kreislauf κυκλοφορία circulación kierto circulation cirkulacija circolazione 循環 순환 verspreiding sirkulasjon krążenie circulação циркуляция cirkulering การหมุนเวียน kan dolaşımı sự lưu thông 循环

Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009

cir·cu·la·tion

n. circulación;

___ rate → volumen circulatorio por minuto;

peripheral ___ → ___ periférica;

poor ___ → mala ___.

English-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

circulation

n circulación f; collateral — circulación colateral; extracorporeal — circulación extracorpórea; fetal — circulación fetal; pulmonary — circulación pulmonar; systemic — circulación sistémica

English-Spanish/Spanish-English Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.