co·balt·ous

(kō-bôl′təs)

adj.

Relating to or containing cobalt, especially with valence 2.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

cobaltous

(kəʊˈbɔːltəs)

adj

(Chemistry) of or containing cobalt in the divalent state

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

co•bal•tous

(koʊˈbɔl təs)

adj.

containing bivalent cobalt.

[1860–65]

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References in periodicals archive

Carter, "Disposition, toxicity, and intestinal absorption of cobaltous chloride in male fischer 344 rats," Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, vol.

Targeting HIF-1[alpha] to Prevent Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Does It Work?

2) Premix that provided the following vitamin and minerals per kg diet: vitamin A, 3,500 IU; vitamin D3, 600 IU; vitamin E, 140 IU; vitamin K, 1.5 mg; vitamin B1, 1 mg; vitamin B2, 4.8 mg; vitamin B6, 1.5 mg; pantothenic acid, 12 mg; niacin, 30.4 mg; biotin, 0.05 mg; folacin, 0.3 mg; vitamin B12, 18 pg; Fe (ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 20.09% Fe), 150 mg; Cu (copper sulfate pentahydrate, 25.45% Cu), 15.99 mg; Mn (manganese oxide, 77.45% Mn), 2.58 mg; Zn (zinc oxide, 80.34% Zn), 73.44 mg; Co (cobaltous sulfate monohydrate, 32% Co), 0.40 mg; Se (sodium selenite, 45.66% Se), 0.42 mg; and I (potassium iodate, 59.06% I), 0.40 mg.

Effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and its extraction on muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs, porcine cell proliferation and isoforms of myosin heavy chain gene expression in myocytes

Some trace elements have potential to expand the lattice parameters of the synthetic apatite crystal cell along the a-axis such as ferrous (Fe2+), ferric (Fe3+), strontium (Sr2+) and zinc ions (Zn2+) (molar fraction >10%) whereas it shrinks with silicate (SiO44-), carbonate (CO32-), magnesium (Mg2+), Zn2+ (molar fraction < 10%) and titanium ions (Ti4+).SiO44-, CO32-, Zn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and strontium ions (Sr2+) can increase the lattice parameters along the c-axis, decreased by Mg2+, nickelous (Ni2+), chromic (Cr3+), cobaltous (Co2+) and Ti4+.

Influence of trace elements on dental enamel properties: A review