According to the paper, particularly damaging examples of worldwide species which have been spread through these channels include: the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and the Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis in the US, the
comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black and Azov Seas, and the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum and the northern Pacific sea star Asterias amurensis in Australia
Caption: A fossil of a newly described species of
comb jelly, Gemmactena actinala, hints that some rigid spine kept a flap (right side of left image) from twisting and gave the complicated shape (right image) some support.
Now in an in-depth look at the genes of 10
comb jelly species, researchers report that these mysterious creatures evolved a unique nervous system in a completely different way than the rest of the animal kingdom.
The cornerstone of the study is the researchers' sequencing, assembly, annotation and analysis of the genome of Mnemiopsis leidyi, a
comb jelly native to the coastal waters of the western Atlantic Ocean.
Harmful non-native species, such as the
comb jelly in the Black Sea and the zebra mussel in the U.S.
One species of
comb jelly, Mnemiopsis leidyi (pronounced NEE-mee-OP-sis), is a native of coastal waters from Massachusetts to Argentina.
CREEP SEA: From left, a physonect siphonophore jellyfish, yeti crab, vent annelid worm and, below, a cydippid
comb jelly' FISH FEATURES: The amazing photos of the lantern fish, left, the syrtensis octopus, top, and the radiolarian amoeba, above
We studied swimming behavior of the
comb jelly Mnemiopsis mccradyi (Phylum Ctenophora) subjected to the altered gravitational forces generated by NASA's KC-135 aircraft.
The jellyfish -- 2 centimeters in diameter and 1.5 cm long -- is a kind of
comb jelly and has four gonads, half the usual number in jellyfish.