Primitive cells had to divide with very little biology, and electrostatics could have played a central role in mitosis and
cytokinesis. In the cytoplasmic medium (cytosol) that exists within biological cells, electrostatic fields are subject to strong attenuation by ionic screening, and therefore decrease rapidly over a distance of several Debye lengths.
The asexual reproduction of plants is made possible by a combination of two processes termed mitosis and
cytokinesis. Mitosis is the normal division of a cell nucleus that occurs as a plant grows, enlarging from embryo to maturity (Figure 5-2).
It has been reported that the ms1ms1 plants were characterized by formation of coenocytic microspores, resulting from the failure of
cytokinesis after Telophase II (Albertsen and Palmer, 1979; Chen and Palmer, 1985; Chen et al., 1987).
Although several embryos have been fixed during
cytokinesis, polar lobe formation has not been observed.
The autosomal recessive form is mainly due to DOCK8 (Dedicator of
cytokinesis 8) and Tyk2 (Tyrosine kinase 2) mutations and pre-dominant clinical manifestations are severe eczema, recurrent skin and lung infections1,2.
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) and dedicator of
cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) genes mutations are implicated in recessive forms [7, 8].
At sampling periods immediately after
cytokinesis, chromosomes were observed at the start of second meiosis.
Surprisingly, lack of Drpl gene does not affect
cytokinesis. Given the central role played by Drp1 in mitochondrial fission and that this process is critical to assure an equal distribution of these organelles between the two daughter cells in each cell division, the results obtained by Ishihara and colleagues were puzzling.
During
cytokinesis, aurora B kinase (ABK) relocalizes from centromeres to the spindle midzone, where it is thought to provide a spatial cue for
cytokinesis.
Interestingly, approximately 16% of identified proteins had functions related to cellular processes such as cell movement,
cytokinesis, cell cycle, chromosomal segregation, and cell communication.