See also Walinska de Hackbeil (1986) for an early analysis of
denominal verbs along these lines.
(6) -ica: glowa 'head' [right arrow] glow-ica 'capital' igla 'needle' [right arrow] igl-ica 'spire' petla 'loop' [right arrow] petl-ica 'loop ornament' -yca: roza 'rose' [right arrow] roz-yca 'rose window' -ec: klin 'wedge' [right arrow] klini-ec 'arch stone' -arz: kapitula 'chapter' [right arrow] kapitul-arz 'chapter house' A particular class of
denominal nouns are diminutives, which are formed by appending to the base noun the suffixes -ek and -ka, or, as in the case of wierzcholek, by employing the composite formative -olek (Szymanek 2010: 205).
(2.) There is no
denominal verb *musiken in German, whereas the light-verb construction with machen is well formed.
In 21/50 languages there are
denominal nouns, which we can gloss as 'a place where X is found' or as 'a place where X is found plentifully'.
For instance, we account for the fact that deverbal nouns in -tis (kleftis `thief') and -mos (xalazmos `destruction') are masculine, deverbal nouns in -ia (kalierjia `cultivation') are feminine,
denominal nouns in-isa (jitonisa `woman-neighbor') are also feminine, and nouns in -ma (forema `dress') and -aci (an[theta]ropaci `little man') are neuter.
In essence, the term is used to refer to
denominal adjectives whose suffix is said to serve a purely transpositional function, converting a noun into an adjective.
(11) contrasts with banner ['baenr] banner (ban + er)['baeenr] `pennant' `one who bans' adder ['aeJr] adder (add + er) ['aeeJr] `species of snake' `one who adds' have ['haev] halve ['haeev] (
denominal of "half') camera ['[k.sup.h]aemre] Camden ['[k.sup.h]aeemdn] truncates to (steady-) cam (-engine) ['[k.sup.h]aeem] cam ['[k.sup.h]aem] Janice Janny ['d[??]aeeni] truncates to Jan- ['d[??]aen] derives from Jan (full name) ['d[??]aeen] Cabbott ['[k.sup.h]aebet] cabbie ['[k.sup.h]aeebi] truncates to Cab- (Calloway) derives from cab ['[k.sup.h]aeeb] ['[k.sup.h]aeb]
Alternatively, if we apply Lieber's (1981) semantic interpretation rule for
denominal verbs we would have to posit brown bag as a compound noun as an argument of the converted compound verb.
Kallas (1999: 485-494) distinguishes 18 different categories of meaning for
denominal adjectives and lists -owy as a suffix for 17 of them.
79) is of the same sort as that concerning the deadjectival nouns and
denominal adjectives (see above).
The suffix -iaris creates
denominal adjectives which attribute a degrading quality to a noun in a permanent way: e.g.
The most accurate description of-ata suffixation can be found in a paper by Camus and Miranda (1996), in which several characteristics of words formed by this morphological process are pointed out: (i) they originate in Spanish, that is to say, they are not loans from other languages; (ii) they can be either deverbal or
denominal formations; (iii) they belong to the grammatical class of nouns; (iv) they are lexically marked for gender, but not formally marked for it.