[alpha]7, alpha-7 nicotinic receptor; CB1, cannabinoid receptor type 1; CN, Calcineurin; DAO, D-amino acid oxidase; DISC1, Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1; DTNBP1,
Dysbindin; ErbB4, Erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4; FMRP, fragile X mental retardation protein; G72 (also known as D-amino acid oxidase activator); Kal-7, Kalirin-7; mGluR, metabotropic glutamate receptor; NL, Neuroligin; NR1, NMDA-R, NR1 Subunit; NR2, NMDA-R, NR2 Subunit, NRG1, Neuregulin 1; PICK1, protein kinase C alpha binding protein.
Other genes proposed in 2005 by Harrison and Weinberger included G72, D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), regulator of G-protein signalling 4 (RGS4), proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), mGluR3, disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), COMT, NRG1 and dystrobrevin-binding protein 1(
dysbindin, or DTNBP1).
[37] showed that antipsychotic drugs attenuated the aberrant DNA methylation of the
dysbindin (BTNBP1) promoter in the saliva and postmortem brain samples of patients with schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder.
In this respect, it should be evident that among some of the most researched gene candidates such as DTNBP1 (
dysbindin), NRG1 (neuregulin), RGS4 (G-protein signalling 4) provide only minor and subtle clues as to what is their involvement in the etiology of schizophrenia, as well as any issues relating to genetic risk factors (Allen et al, 2008).
(25) Studies in humans have identified a gene called
dysbindin on chromosome 6 and another called SNAP-25 on chromosome 20 that are associated with cognitive ability.
TRIM32 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for
dysbindin. Hum Mol Genet 2009;18:2344-58.
"We know that in schizophrenia this ability is reduced, and now, knowing more about why this happens may help explain how loss of a protein called
dysbindin leads to some symptoms of schizophrenia."
The susceptibility genes with the strongest evidence are dystrobrevin binding protein 1 or
dysbindin (DTNB1) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1).
Genetic variation in the 6p22.3 gene DTNBP1, the human ortholog of the mouse
dysbindin gene, is associated with schizophrenia.
Consistent evidence has been gathered that supports a role for the gene that codes for
dysbindin in schizophrenia.
Genetic Variation in the 6p22.3 Gene DTNBPI, the Human Ortholog of the Mouse
Dysbindin Gene, is Associated with Schizophrenia.