If you hear the term "pink elephant," you picture a pink elephant for a split second before you "
effortfully engage in disbelieving" it.
"I was" sometimes works as well as "It was," but again we sense an author
effortfully making his way between episodes or, more accurately, making a between where before there was not one.
Asking questions can change choice behavior: Does it do so automatically or
effortfully? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 6(3), 195-206.
Instead, the person can
effortfully seek out additional individuating information and integrate it into a coherent impression." (citation omitted)); Marilynn B.
Nonetheless, if we accept as valuable any illuminating new reading that can be generated, whether or not it could ever have been produced by any other scholar, then these articles do work
effortfully and at length to make new understandings available.
Although a discussion of this theoretical position is beyond the scope of this article, its relevance for a discussion of the spatiality of writing and spatial theory is worth mentioning, and suggestively hinted at by philosopher Andy Clark (2005) in his call to "take very seriously the material reality of language: its existence as an additional, actively created and
effortfully maintained structure in our internal and external environment." (p.