During laryngoscopy with conventional Macintosh blade, its tip is placed in the vallecullae to lift the epiglottis which stimulates the stretch receptors in the
epipharynx. The stimulation of these receptors in
epipharynx causes maximum cardiovascular response (mediated by glossopharyngeal nerve).
Computed tomography (CT) (Figure 3) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cystic lesion with air-fluid level, approximately 60 x 50 mm in size, on the left side of the neck, which extended from the
epipharynx to the superior mediastinum.
The following set of larval characters are described and illustrated: morphology of antenna,
epipharynx, mandibles, maxilla, ligula with labial palp, hastisetae, spicisetae, legs, abdominal terga, and condition of antecostal suture.
The mechanical (cotton-tipped swab) stimulation of the dorsal aspect of the
epipharynx has been associated with hiccup.
Maximum width of head capsule 5.8-6.0 mm; cranium smooth, colour yellowish brown; frons with median longitudinal depression, single posterior frontal seta and single anterior angle seta; one round pigmented area medially at each side of frontal suture; dorsoepicranium with 2 widely separated, medium sized setae at each side; tentorial pits evident; stemmata evident; clypeus subtrapezoidal in shape, with 1 posterior clypeal seta and 1 or 2 exterior clypeal setae; preclypeus weakly sclerotized, without setae; labrum with anterior border trilobed and clithra present;
epipharynx (Fig.
The most frequent primary tumor site was oropharyngeal (49/132, 37.1%), followed by the oral cavity (36/132, 27.3%), larynx (35/132, 26.5%), hypopharynx (11/132, 8.3%), and
epipharynx (1/132, 0.8%) (Figure 1).
However, proximally, the groove is usually open dorsally and the stylet bundle is held in place by the lobe-like terminal portions of the labrum and
epipharynx, which overlap the base of the labium.
Subsequent chapters cover reconstructive plastic facial surgery; nasal surgery; paranasal sinuses;
epipharynx; oral cavity and oropharynx; larynx, hypopharynx, and trachea; neck; esophagus and mediastinum; salivary glands; and modern developments in ear surgery, transplants and implants, cochlea implants, bone-anchored prothesis, and laser procedures.
Description of the larvae of Plectis aliena Chapin and explanation of new terms applied to the
epipharynx and raster.