Although these symptoms have been shown to arise from neuronal hyperexcitability in the dorsal horn, resulting from enhanced
excitatory amino acid (EAA) signaling [7, 8] and/or loss of central inhibition [9], the underlying mechanisms responsible for these sensory changes remain poorly understood.
In the olfactory bulb, there is an interaction between
excitatory MCs and inhibitory GCs.
Among specific topics are optogenetic strategies to dissect the neural circuits that underlie reward and addiction, the cocaine-evoked synaptic plasticity of
excitatory transmission in the ventral tegmental area, glutamate mechanisms underlying opiate memories, translational research in nicotine dependence, and the opioid pharmacogenetics of alcohol addiction.
Using an animal model of depression, the work suggests that this common mental disorder actually may be caused by the abnormal transmission of
excitatory signals between brain cells--signals that are vital to stimulating activity and responses among cells, suggests a study published in the March 17, 2013 issue of Nature Neuroscience.
Immunohistochemical markers were used to identify the new cells which included
excitatory granule cells, astrocytes, and a very small number of the interneurons.
The effect of local functional heterogeneities which are considered crucial for the mechanisms of epilepsy [19] is investigated in a spatially extended neural mass formulation with local
excitatory and inhibitory circuits [20].
Dr David Bailey, a GP in Trethomas and chair of the Welsh GP committee, said: "If, instead of taking in their calories from a proper breakfast, which has been shown to be beneficial in terms of health, children are taking stimulants, which have shown to be
excitatory in young children, then that's probably not the best thing for school learning."
(3) Although the precise cause of these neuromuscular abnormalities has not been elucidated, one possible explanation is that they may be the result of neuronal injury mediated by
excitatory amino acids.
PRP duration can index changes in the value of a reinforcing consequence; however, it can also reflect inhibitory postreinforcement effects and/or
excitatory stimulus effects (Bonem & Crossman, 1988; Perone & Courtney, 1992; Schlinger, Derenne, & Baron, 2008).