Marine biologists have listed the hell's fire sea anemone as among the world's toxic and stinging sea creatures, along with the sea wasp box jellyfish, Irukandji jellyfish, Portuguese man o'war, cannonball jellyfish, moon jellyfish, lion's mane jellyfish, crown-of-thorns sea star, textile cone, reef stonefish, banded sea krait, short-tail stingray, soft sea slugs or nudibranchs, lionfish, puffer fish, scorpionfish, Caribbean
fire coral, blue-ringed octopus, stargazer fish, striped eel catfish and sea nettle.
Mortality of sea fans: Mortality was categorized as caused by: (1) disease when 100% of the colony area appeared necrotic, (2) detachment, when the colony disappeared from its known location, or (3) overgrowth when at least 90% of the colony area was covered by algae,
fire coral (Millepora spp.), or other fouling organisms.