Most patients with rickettsial diseases, such as Japanese spotted fever and scrub typhus, do not notice a tick or mite bite (4), but a leech bite is easy to detect because the site bleeds for an extended time due to
hirudin in leech saliva.
Effects of
hirudin (thrombin specific inhibitor) in Zebrafish embryos: a developmental role for thrombin.
Danaparoid and recombinant
hirudin are the common heparin replacements in cases of HIT II, but the former has low-grade cross-reactivity with HIT antibodies and is high in cost, whilst the latter has prolonged half-life and tends to cause antibody formation (Suranyi & Chow, 2010; Unver et al., 2002).
Direct thrombin inhibitor,
hirudin, was first isolated from leech saliva, whereas factor Xa inhibitor, TIX-5, was first discovered from tick saliva [7].
Fresh human blood was collected from healthy volunteers in
hirudin blood tubes (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland), added to the bacteria to a final concentration of 80%, and incubated on a turning wheel at 37[degrees]C for 3 h.
Hirudo Medicinalis, the medical leeches working through sucking the congested replanted finger as well as inducing bleeding through secretion of
hirudin which was first extracted in 1957 by Markwardt and a protease inhibitor found in Hirudo medicinalis salivary glands, is a potent inhibitor of thrombin [29].
Leeches have a substance in their saliva called
Hirudin that helps prevent blood clots in microsurgical procedures.
Rao, Chitosan/Polyethylene Glycol-Alginate Microcapsules for Oral Delivery of
Hirudin, J.
A study of Multiplate (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) samples showed decreased aggregation over time, but those samples were collected in
hirudin tubes.
Proteomic studies performed on MS lesions have detected the expression of several molecules of the coagulation cascade and administration of coagulation inhibitors, such as
hirudin, decreased disease severity, and suppressed production of Th1 and Th17 type cytokines [79, 133, 134].