Inventions and Innovations The Musical Stones of Skiddaw, 1840, Keswick Museum (Cumbria) This eight octave lithophone was built by Joseph Richardson - a member of the Keswick family - in 1840 from '
hornfels', a type of stone quarried from Skiddaw mountain.
The oxidized sulfide mineralization is associated with quartz veining, vein stockwork, and quartz healed breccia hosted in
hornfels altered clastic sediments.
This valley is surrounded by several lithological units: (i) to the north, the Hercynian basement of Sierra Morena comprising a wide variety of Palaeozoic rocks such as granitic plutonic rocks and metamorphic rocks (slates, schists and
hornfels), (ii) to the south, the Subbetic domain of the External Zone of the Betic Cordillera (Sierra Magina), which constitutes a far more abrupt southern margin comprising mainly Mesozoic limestones, and (iii) to the east, the Prebetic domain of the External Zone of the Betic Cordillera (Sierra de Cazorla), incised by the upper stream of the Guadalquivir River and composed of Mesozoic carbonates, predominantly dolostones in the study area.
In the study area lithological units is outcrops the second to fourth periods, which from old to new are as follows: phyllite, ouartzite, paragneiss, marble, shell, sandstone with tufa, volcanic rocks, crystalline limestone locally with fosolina, metamorphic volcanic and tufa, cherty limestone, phyllite, metamorphic quartzarenite, micaschist, metadolomite, amphibolite, limestone, shale and sandstone, schist
hornfels, orthogneiss, granodiorite, oput rock, shale and phyllite sandstone, granite, granodiorite, diorite, dolomitic lime, radiolarit breccia, rodist lime, orbitoline, radiolarat, black and blue marl with limestone, alluvium.