Of these, 18 (78.3%) presented with
hypovolaemic shock and 12 (52.2%) required inotropic support.
Bilateral anterior watershed infarction, systemic hypoperfusion or
hypovolaemic shock,2 pontine and extrapontine myelinozis,4 closed head trauma,5 central nervous system metastases,6 bilateral intratumoural haemorrhage,7 cervical cord contusion,8 cervical region metastases,9 spinal cord infarcts,10 cervical myelopathy,11 hereditary and sporadic ALS, Sjogren and HIV-associated motor neuron disease,12 bilateral brachial plexopathy13,14 and cyclosporin-dependent neurotoxicity15 are some of the etiologic factors presented in the literature for MIBS.
A urinary sodium level below 20 mmol/l is suggestive of an extra renal cause of
hypovolaemic hyponatremia.
Fawcus [1] also points out the need to recognise
hypovolaemic shock and how to perform proper resuscitation in pregnant women.
Although not confirmed on the basis of our data, acute respiratory tract infections and other respiration-related causes were pathophysiologically most likely associated with hypoxia, while gastrointestinal diseases such as acute diarrhoeal diseases most likely precipitated circulatory failure or
hypovolaemic shock.
Vital signs and estimated blood loss in patients with major trauma: testing the validity of the ATLS classification of
hypovolaemic shock.
This resulted in
hypovolaemic shock due to fluid shifts that reached a maximum at 12 to 24 hours post injury (Peeters et al., 2015).
In present study, death of two cases even after surgical correction of intussusception were due to peritonitis, endotoxemia and
hypovolaemic shock.
They died in the intensive care unit (ICU) from
hypovolaemic shock, subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation and multi-organ failure-secondary to placenta praevia (n=1), PPH at caesarean section for fetal distress and cephalopelvic disproportion (with no other risk factors, n=2), and caesarean section for abruptio placentae (n=1).
Questionnaire (Based on Likerts Scale) Responses a b c d 1 Cardiac output=AfterloadxHeart rate 2 End-diastolic volume determines the preload 3 Giving carotid massage increases the HR 4 Cardiac output=Stroke volumexHeart rate 5 Diastolic BP is determined by cardiac output 6 CPR improves perfusion of the brain 7 Ejection fraction=Stroke volume/End-diastolic volume 8 Patient in
hypovolaemic shock should be covered with blankets 9 Cardiac tamponade causes obstructive shock 10 Hb level is a reliable parameter in early stages of shock due to blood loss HR: Heart rate, BP: Blood pressure, CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Rachula Daniel (1), Saravanan Ayyavoo (1), Thilagavathi R (2)