The company stated that IO102 is its lead candidate and is an
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) derived immune modulating therapy with a dual mode of action - killing both cancer cells and immune-suppressive cells.
Tryptophan is also metabolized by a separate pathway to kynurenine by the enzyme,
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO).
Hypotensive activity of the pineal
indoleamine hormones melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophol and 5-methoxytryptamine.
[102] Other tumour evasion/escape strategies include the recruitment of immunosuppressive T-regulatory cells (T-regs) and monocytederived myeloid suppressor cells (MDSCs), and inhibitory
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and arginase-1 enzymes, which render immune cells deficient of tryptophan and arginine required for optimal functioning.
Furthermore, increased cyclooxygenase-2 (CQX-2) expression as well as prostaglandin E2 production in schizophrenia, are among other postulated etiologies supported by recent studies On the other hand, it has been shown that immune response imbalance is associated with decreased activity of
indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase enzyme which subsequently leads to accumulation of kynurenic acid, an endogenous antagonist of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.
Namely, soluble immune secretomes, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2),
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), or nitric oxide (NO), respond to immune cells to activate immunoregulation by MSCs [23].
This new molecule, a derivative of tryptophan, is an
indoleamine (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) that was called melatonin, name derived from its effect in blanching the melanophores (mela-) in amphibians and because the precursor to melatonin is serotonin (-tonin).
Additionally, CTLA-4 induces the expression of the enzyme
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by DCs, which catalyzes degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan to kynurenine, leading to effector T cell starvation [25].
(1,17) Despite such a "hostile" microenvironment full of immune cells, MSI-H tumor cells are not eliminated by the immune system because of the cancer-specific upregulation of inhibitory checkpoints, including PD-1, CTLA4, LAG3, and
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO).