Many researchers have reported the analgesic effect of opiods for the peripheral receptors however few studies have reported the intra- articular analgesic effects.67 Morphine sulfate as an intra- articular injec- tion was used in many joints of human body including TMJ and knee joints with an evidence of sustained
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra- articular morphine sulfate injection following arthrocentesis on patients with TMJD in comparison with arthrocentesis with no other intra- articular in- jections.
Recent research has shown that ketamine has a topical analgesic effect as well.18-20 Ketamine can be used in many routs such as intravenous oral intra- muscular intranasal subcutaneous or intra-anal or epidural and has rarely been used intra-articularly.
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