Menaquinones are classified according to the length of their aliphatic side chain and are designated as MK-n, where n stands for the number of
isoprenoid residues in that chain."
Mixtures containing chloroform and methanol have shown to provide efficient extraction of
isoprenoid quinone and polar lipids, and the procedure described by Minnikin and others (1984) was used for the extraction of bacterial polar lipids and
isoprenoid quinones [24].
Ferredoxin (Fd) and Fd-NADP+ reductase (FNR) in apicoplast constitute a redox system [11,12] that is homologous to those of plant chloroplast and algae, especially green and red algae [8, 13].The involvement of apicoplast Fd has been indicated in the reactions of an Fe-S cluster assembly [14] and
isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways [10, 15], fatty acid desaturation [5], and heme oxygenation [16].
This subset, termed [gamma]2[delta]9 T cells, recognizes phosphoantigens, phosphorylated nonpeptidic metabolic intermediates of the
isoprenoid biosynthesis [5] in both invading microbes and the body's own cells, in an MHC-unrestricted manner [4, 6].
Furthermore a
isoprenoid, ([+ or -])-abscisic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Poznan, Poland), was used as a standard.
Mevalonate is the precursor not only of cholesterol but also of many non-steroidal-
isoprenoid compounds.
Early models described "mevalonate shunting" from
isoprenoid metabolism (1).
Correlation of Solid Bitumen with Kerogen Based on Aryl
Isoprenoid Distribution and [delta][sup.34]S Values.
By inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway (conversion of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA to mevalonate), they also prevent the formation of
isoprenoid intermediaries like isopentenyl-pyrophosphate, dimethylallyl-pyrophosphate, geranyl-pyrophosphate, and farnesylpyrophosphate.
Nyce, "Mechanisms of cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest in human colonic adenocarcinoma cells by dehydroepiandrosterone: role of
isoprenoid biosynthesis," Cancer Research, vol.
N-alkanes,
isoprenoid alkanes, Steranes, and Terpanes are mainly used as saturated hydrocarbon biomarker compounds.