[11-13] Essentially a guide to making a moral judgment when conflicting strong arguments coexisted, probabilism describes a continuum of moral reasoning--from
laxism at one extreme to tutiorism at the other.
On May 1, 1913, editor in chief de Grandmaison wrote in his annual report to the "Patronage Committee of Etudes," among others, about a letter he had recently received from his superior general, Franz-Xavier Wernz: "[He] wished to assure me that no one had called attention to anything in [our] journals that might have given rise to suspicions of
laxism or liberalism.
Hence the call of John XXIII: go forward with the medicine of mercy, and the cry of Cardinal Kasper: "Name of our God is mercy." To be graceful and merciful like Jesus, both rigourism and
laxism are to be avoided; so too "hostile rigidity" of conservatives and "destructive good-will" of liberals.
The Court, therefore, remarks that such a behaviour testifies a sort of '
laxism' not compliant to the object and aim of the Hague Convention, nor to its rigorous and clear provisions.
(39) In theory, the state's enlightened reforms that focused on economic prosperity and progress would have been better accommodated by the Jesuitical side of Catholic Enlightenment with its optimism regarding human nature and disposition towards moral
laxism.
There was, however, a "honeymoon period" with the then Margaret Thatcher when he became prime minister in 1986, due to their shared concern about the "
laxism of the European Commission and its desire to turn itself into a super-state".
Most famously, Blaise Pascal, in his 1660 Provincial Letters, viciously assaulted what he saw as Jesuit
laxism in faith and morals by ridiculing casuistry.
Pascal's sometimes-unfair attack on the Jesuits' morality is fueled by his conviction that their wicked and scandalous logic must be rebutted by an equally scandalous disclosure of their
laxism and accommodation to worldly corruption.
While industrialized nations blame developing governments for their
laxism and failure to act against the sexual use of children, developing countries blame industrialized governments for letting their nationals create a large demand.
constructs a narrative of the polemic and its various stages up to the condemnation of
laxism in 1700 by the General Assembly of the French Clergy.
First, he traces the diversity of moral thought from
laxism to rigorism (tutiorism), and especially the "moderate probabalist" position of Alphonsus Liguori.