Characters examined include general body appearance, encrusting ossicles, pedicellariae,
madreporite, abactinals, terminals, marginals, intermarginals, actinals, oral frame, ambulacral grooves and interambulacrals, papulae, tube feet, digestive tract, and its development.
The
madreporite was observed 88 days after fertilization.
The water vascular system of this species is comprised of a circular canal as well as 5 radial canals, canals to the ambulacra, oral tentacles with their ampullae, a stone canal, and a
madreporite (Fig.
Its principal goal is to constitute the applied catalogue of GFP-like proteins obtained from various non-bio-luminescent species--soft and
madreporite corals, comb-jellies, actiniae etc.
One of the apical system plates, the
madreporite, is unique in
For all sizes of sea stars, a flexible tape was used to measure arm length to the nearest millimeter, from the mouth to the tip of the ray nearest to the
madreporite. The relationship between mussel size and tissue mass was quantified to allow calculations of Pisaster ochraceus' intake of prey tissue.
The tag was injected through the aboral surface of the body wall of the first arm counterclockwise from the
madreporite, halfway down the arm.
Specimens were oriented randomly into four starting quadrants (defined by a standard x-y grid) relative to the
madreporite. In each trial, 10 ml of S.
Located at interambulacrum 2 (IA2), the
madreporite is also a genital plate (G2).
The organs and body fluids that were investigated were body wall with tube feet attached, perivisceral coelomic fluid, fluid from the water vascular system, circular body-wall muscle, longitudinal body-wall muscle, ampullae of tentacles, tentacles, ampullae of tube feet, calcareous ring, stone canal with
madreporite attached, Polian vesicles, gut, cloaca, respiratory trees, Cuvierian tubules, hemal system, and gonad (Fig.
Both hybrids exhibited the orange
madreporite and firm body typical of A.
For every trial, the animal was placed at the origin, with its
madreporite as a fixed point of reference.