In this case, injury-related changes can occur under the scar tissue, including cartilaginous proliferation and even
metaplastic changes.
By contrast, PIMs develop from LR HPV infection of reserve cells or early
metaplastic squamous epithelium only a few cell layers thick.
(9) had been incompletely characterised in terms of p63, maspin, E- and P-cadherin expression, it was possible that the lesion was a low-grade spindle cell
metaplastic breast carcinoma (SpCMBC) (24).
A
metaplastic hyaline cartilaginous tissue with no mitosis and necrosis in foci was observed (Figure 4).
Gliosarcoma is a rare primary brain tumour with prevalence varying from 1.5-8% in different studies, and accounts for 0.48% of all intra-cranial tumours.1 It can be further sub-classified into primary gliosarcoma (PGS) and secondary gliosarcoma (SGS), and whereas PGS occurs de novo, SGS is believed to occur as a recurrence or progression of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), or as a consequence of radiation therapy.2 The current accepted definition of gliosarcoma is 'a well-circumscribed lesion with clearly identifiable biphasic glial and
metaplastic mesenchymal components'.3,4
Mahasweran et al noticed that keratin production was a
metaplastic process, influenced by inflammation and was due to an adaptation to the environment of the cyst contents.
There are several postulated mechanisms described for the
metaplastic transformation of multipotent cells of normal endometrial stroma.
Therefore, the masses of breast and forearm were diagnosed as
metaplastic breast carcinoma with skeletal muscle metastasis.
Cautious and systematic approach is needed, particularly in cystic lesions with
metaplastic changes.
Grade I meningiomas lack any higher grade histological features and have many differing histologic patterns including meningothelial (classic pattern), fibrous, transitional, psammomatous, angiomatous, microcystic, secretory, lymphoplasmacyte-rich, and
metaplastic. (1) Grade II meningiomas, deemed atypical meningiomas include those with a clear cell or chordoid histologic pattern as well as any lesion that displays brain invasion or [greater than or equal to] 4 mitoses per high power field (hpf).
There are many theories about their formation but the most accepted one is that they are formed as a result of
metaplastic changes taking place in reticuloendothelial cells of blood vessels upon stimulations such as necrosis, infection and stress (5).
Barrett's esophagus (BE), a condition wherein
metaplastic columnar epithelium replaces normal stratified squamous epithelium, is a consequence of chronic esophageal mucosal injury caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [1].