In addition, [Mg.sup.2+] and [Ca.sup.2+] can chelate COO- groups, leading to a compact network and causing further shrinking from the hydrogel; on the other hand, we also find that the smaller the radius of atoms of some valent monoatomic cations, the more the water absorption capacity if different cations were [K.sup.+]>[Na.sup.+]>[Ca.sup.2+]>[Mg.sup.2+] (Table 3 and Figure 7).
Based on the monoatomic layer characteristic of the graphene, the modified transfer matrix method is adopted in this paper to calculate the transmittance and reflectance of the configuration [29].
Graphene has attracted extreme interest in the industrial and scientific community since the experimental realization of graphene in 2004 [1], for many reasons; graphene has the highest electronic conductivity at room temperature; and it is only one monoatomic layer thick and almost transparent; it is durable and at the same time flexible; it is chemically inert and impermeable to most gasses.
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