Emulsion activity of proteins depends basically on two effects; a substantial decrease in interfacial energy due to the adsorption of the protein at the
oil-water interface and the electrostatic, structural and mechanical energy barriers caused by the interfacial layer that oppose destabilization processes [27].
Different area of drilling wells in the oil reservoir is considered as oil-water layer if the sand body was on top of the
oil-water interface and characterized by middle amplitude curve type; the thickness of the middle amplitude curve segment is the oil layer thickness (Figures 1(c) and 11, Qx110-36).
Whey protein can act as an emulsifier that forms nanometer-thick rigid layers at the
oil-water interface and can provide stability against coalescing oil droplets.
As more copies of the target DNA are produced, they move towards the
oil-water interface, resulting in measurable changes in surface tension.
Small amount of Span 80 assisted in reducing the interfacial tension between 011 and water and in acquiring tighter molecular packing between the surfactant molecules at the
oil-water interface. The phase-forming behavior of the PKOEs: fullerene/Tween 80: Span 80/water system at three different mixed surfactant ratios (MSRs) of 9: 1, 8:2, and 7: 3 at 298 K is presented in Figures 1(b), 1(c), and 1(d), respectively.
The reason is that surfactants and associating polymers have the strong interaction and
oil-water interface diffusion rates of surfactants which are significantly affected.
The most attractive applications of biosurfactants are related to the oil industry to aid clean up, may be added to reduce the interfacial tension at the
oil-water interface and increase the solubility of petroleum (GRISHCHENKOV et al., 2000; O'CONNOR, 2002).
Moreover, it is broadly used to lower the interfacial tension at
oil-water interface and used to generate monodispersed and nano-sized or submicro-sized droplets or particles [26-29].
Because periodic low frequency vibration waves intensify the contact of the surfactant solution and the oil in the
oil-water interface, the crude oil is packaged by more surfactant molecules, forming organized O/W molecular assemblies; furthermore because of more surfactant-packaged oil, the concentration of the surfactant solution in the interface decreases which results in the spread of surfactant from internal surfactant solution to
oil-water interface so that more crude oil is emulsified.
Lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolases; EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides at the
oil-water interface [1].
Surfactants will absorb at an air-water or
oil-water interface and at the surface of a solid.