Note the large number of irregular and coalescing lacunae (black arrowheads) with necrotic
osteocytes inside.
The weight of the femur; volume of the femur; total volume of the bones' trabeculae; and total number of the
osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are presented in table 2.
Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into the major components of our skeleton: bone-forming osteoblasts; actual bone cells or
osteocytes, made by osteoblasts; cartilage-cells called chondrocytes; as well as fat cells, or adipocytes.
Though molecular and cellular analyses were unavailable in the current study, changes in the mechanical environment will affect molecular signals produced by
osteocytes in cortical bone.
Background and Objectives:
Osteocytes are the main cells of the mature bone.
oestrogen is known to act on
osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, via these cells it inhibits bone remodelling, stimulates bone formation and inhibits bone resorption.4 Low oestrogen levels after menopause are associated with increased osteoblasts apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.5 These pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukins (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) are mediators of bone resorption and play an important role in oestrogen deficiency-related bone loss in postmenopausal women.
Further, adipose tissue has demonstrated trilineage differentiation potential to
osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes representing an ideal source for autologous cells [2].
In general, osteoblast lineage cells include osteoprogenitors, osteoblasts, and
osteocytes [33].
This was likely due to the ability to preserve
osteocytes, causing an overall increased number of remaining
osteocytes with less occurrence of nonvital bone.
Prideaux et al., "Regulation of FGF23 expression in IDG-SW3
osteocytes and human bone by pro-inflammatory stimuli," Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, vol.