it occurs mostly 1 to 6 weeks after cardiac surgery as a result of inflammatory reaction after surgical cutdown of
pericardial space. Pathophysiology research demonstrated antibodies in patients with PPS, thus explaining the syndrome with autoimmune response.
During tamponade, fluid will accumulate within the
pericardial space, which can be transudate or pus, however the most common cause is bleeding (4).
(5) Persistence of fistulae is due to the negative pressure within the
pericardial space and relatively elevated pressure within the biliary system from sphincter of Oddi.
At these reflections and between the great vessels, recesses or sinuses are formed within the
pericardial space. (1) One of these recesses is the transverse recess.
Enhanced mediastinum CT revealed abnormal density in the anterior right atrium and regional contrast leakage into
pericardial space [Figure 1]c.
Tamponade was diagnosed in two of our patients at presentation including a 10yr old with SLE and an infant with epicardial xanthogranuloma extending to the
pericardial space. Recurrence of pericarditis is likely due to an immune mediated process or inadequate treatment.
Caption: Figure 2: Chest CT scan (transverse view) showing fluid in the
pericardial space.
High bronchoalveolar pressure results in alveolar rupture and air leakage into pulmonary perivascular interstitium to the hilum and the mediastinum and then into the
pericardial space at the reflection of the pulmonary veins [1-3, 11].
Ultrasonographic examination of PE is characterized by the presence of an anechoic space between the epicardium and the pericardium and, when the fluid volume is great, the heart may seem to be "dancing" from one side to another within the
pericardial space. Pericardial effusion is easily identified by conventional transthoracic echocardiography (CHACKO & BRAR, 2014).
Pericardial effusion (PE) is defined as the accumulation of fluid in the
pericardial space secondary to an injury or inflammation.
According to the company, the HVAD System features the world`s smallest, full-support centrifugal circulatory assist device, the HVAD Pump, which is designed to be implanted next to the heart in the
pericardial space. Today, more than 11,000 patients with advanced heart failure have received the HVAD System.