Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of
photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic control of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture in aquaculture production systems.
Microalgae produced under
photoautotrophic growth conditions show a biomass concentration between 0.5 and 5 gL-1 at the end of the cultivation (FAN et al., 2015).
The induction of
photoautotrophic growth in YMD coconut seedlings after 4-5 months of in vitro cultivation by reducing the sucrose concentration (43.8 mm or less), associated with C[O.sub.2] enrichment (1,600 [micro]mol [mol.sup.-1]C[O.sub.2], in the light phase and 350 [micro]mol [mol.sup.-1]C[O.sub.2] in the dark phase) for two months before acclimatization resulted in efficient production and cost reduction (SAMOSIR and ADKINS, 2014).
The presence of a sealing system that allows gas exchanges with the external environment, increasing the concentration of C[O.sub.2] and reducing the air relative humidity in the culture vessel, the exposure to a higher light intensity and the decrease of the sugar content in the culture medium are factors that can promote the
photoautotrophic or mixotrophic growth of plants, leading them to maximize the ex vitro survival rates (Xiao et al., 2011; Saez et al., 2016).
Furthermore, Kozai's academic excellence and his scientific interest can be gauged from the multiple books he has written, namely, "Smart Plant Factory: The next generation indoor vertical farms (2018)," "LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture (2016)," "Plant Factory: An indoor vertical farm for efficient quality food production (2015)" and "
Photoautotrophic (Sugar-free) Micropropagation as a New Micropropagation and Transplant Production System (2005)."
Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of
photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic removal of ammonia--nitrogen in aquaculture systems.
Plants grown in vitro are heterotrophic, whereas plants grown in vivo are
photoautotrophic. The gaseous, light, and nutrition varies between in vitro and in vivo (Kadlecek et al.
The reason why control and nutrients' treatments were kept in the dark was to prevent the accumulation of autotrophic biomass (presence of
photoautotrophic bacteria and picoeukaryotes) throughout the experiment, which would interfere with the results by competition or release of extracellular DOC.
Taufiq-Yap, "Biodiesel synthesis from
photoautotrophic cultivated oleoginous microalgae using a sand dollar catalyst," RSC Advances, vol.