For instance, Palatino Nova (2005) is not only significantly different from the original Stempel version released in 1948 (and from the subsequent versions made for Linotype composition and
photocomposition), but it also incorporates the formerly independent designs Michelangelo, Phidias, and Sistina.
He traces developments through the mechanical composition of Arabic,
photocomposition: towards the immaterial type, Persian type and typography, beginnings of digital Arabic type, looking forward: PostScript and beyond, and complexities and simplificatins: factors in the evolution of Arabic type-making.
Sooner or later, he wrote, "it would be necessary to define those categories of newsmen who qualified for the privilege, a questionable procedure in light of the traditional doctrine that liberty of the press is the right of the lonely pamphleteer who uses carbon paper or a mimeograph just as much as of the large metropolitan publisher who utilizes the latest
photocomposition methods." White went on to say that freedom of the press was a "fundamental personal right," a phrase that stands out in the "Who is a journalist?" debate.
No other profession or station appears to be uniquely protected by the Charter, and there is an intuitive hostility toward any doctrine that "would grant privileges to an institution organized as a powerful private business which are not shared by other citizens." (69) Animated by this concern, the Supreme Court of the United States has declared that "liberty of the press is the right of the lonely pamphleteer who uses carbon paper or a mimeograph just as much as of the large metropolitan publisher who uses the latest
photocomposition methods." (70) This egalitarian impulse has also seemed to play a role in the Supreme Court of Canada's broader reluctance to give the press freedom guarantee independent content.
Enfin, le chapitre 4 aborde brievement, en une dizaine de pages, l'impression lithographique et l'invention de l'offset, la
photocomposition et la revolution numerique qui ont des consequences considerables, <<plus encore peut-etre que n'en eut l'invention des caracteres mobiles par Gutenberg>> selon l'auteur (p.
There have also been three major transformations in method and power application in reproducing the codex: machine printing from cast type, powered by human muscle (1455-1814); nonhuman power driving both presses and typecasting machines (1814-1970); and computer driven
photocomposition combined with offset printing (1970--)." (8)
Ever since hot metal typesetting gave way to
photocomposition and then desktop publishing, their respective fortunes and identities have changed enormously in recent decades.
"Sooner or later, it would be necessary to define those categories of newsmen who qua[if y for the privilege, a questionable procedure in light of the traditional doctrine that liberty of the press is the right of the lonely pamphleteer who uses carbon paper or a mimeograph just as much as the large metropolitan publisher who utilizes the latest
photocomposition methods."
The Journal switches to computerized
photocomposition. BIOSIS, the originator of Biological Abstracts, performs the indexing for the first (and, mercifully, last) time.
At Rocketdyne Canoga Park, purchasing a new word-/text-processing system (including
photocomposition equipment) "triggered a major facility rearrangement" (McCafferty 1983, p.