We concluded that, in the helobial monocotyledons as a whole, inflorescence bracts, sepals, and tepals are homologous structures derived from the phyllomic appendages of the original multiaxial reproductive structure and, therefore, that the divergence between the petaloid and tepaloid groups involved divergence of the relationships between
phyllome and subtended structure, at the same time as the axes of the original multiaxial structure became differentiated into "flower" and "inflorescence." Finally, in a number of helobial families (e.g., Najadaceae, Cymodoceaceae, and Zannichelliaceae) reproductive structures are so reduced that morphological approaches to patterns of evolution founder for lack of information.