Cevolini A (2014) Indexing as
preadaptive advance: A socio-evolutionary perspective.
Naturally evolved characteristics
preadaptive to effects of anthropogenic disturbances are known for a number of marine and freshwater benthic species across many habitat types (e.g., Pearson & Rosenberg 1978, Tomassetti & Porrello 2005, Melzner et al.
Comparison between populations of invasive species from their native and introduced ranges helps address this question--if plasticity is similarly present in both forms, it suggests the
preadaptive significance of plasticity [46], while if plasticity is higher in the invading populations it suggests that plasticity was imperfect but adaptive [39].
Stationary phase in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes as a
preadaptive stage for metacyclo genesis.
Flagellar elongation induced by glucose limitation is
preadaptive for Trypanosoma cruzi differentiation.
More specifically, with reference to American frontier movement east of the Great Plains, Newton (1974) identified an Upland South culture possessing eleven
preadaptive traits facilitating successful expansion and related landscape change.
As Grosberg (1990) has emphasized, because
preadaptive grades of organization can provide the basis for major adaptive radiations, phylogenetic studies of such radiations must be undertaken with great care.
Egg laying appears to be a
preadaptive feature that made the shift to external brooding a relatively simple matter of the adult remaining with the egg mass, as seen in Asterina phylactica and several Leptasterias species (Chia, 1968; Hendler and Franz, 1982; Himmelman at al., 1982; Crump and Emson, 1983; Strathmann, 1987).