There is the use as a
present participle where it is preceded by a relevant form of be.
Lay (
present participle): I am not laying any more reading material on the recycling pile until this blows over.
A
present participle ending in -(i)ca, which might have developed as an alternative to the i-participle (Markov 1961 : 63), is used in both the PRS and PST2 tenses (6a, b).
Except the two independent prepositional phrases discussed above, other examples that can show the skillful complexity and intricate complication of the long adverbial "When ..." clause are the verbal phrases including the
present participle phrase, "Wishing me like to one more rich in hope" in line five, the past participle phrase "Featured like him, like him with friends possessed" in line six, and another
present participle phrase "Desiring this man's art, and that man's scope" in line seven.
The subject is complex in several respects: the term present is, as usual in Sanskrit grammatical literature, used for the constellation of forms made from the present stem, including the present tense, the imperfect, the injunctive, the imperative, the subjunctive, the optative, and the
present participle. Further, -ya-presents are not functionally homogeneous: those with accent on the suffix and obligatory middle inflection are typically passives, while those with root accent and either active or middle inflection (traditional class IV presents) are not.
The above examples show common types of renderings: a PP in (1) and (2), a
present participle in (3), a relative clause in (4).
Elizabeth Teresa Howe's thoughtful and insightful new book explores female autobiographical writing (specifically 'authoring',
present participle, as opposed to 'writings', plural noun) in the early modern Hispanic world.
There are seven essays: Aldred among the West Saxons: Bamburgh, and what bebbisca might mean; the rewards and perplexities of Old English glosses; a context for the Exeter Book: some suggestions but no conclusions; mapping the Anglo-Saxon intellectual landscape: the risks and rewards of source-study; the Old English Boethius as a book of nature; doomsday and nature in the Old English poem Judgement Day II; two syntactic notes on Old English grammar; (1) OE aebeon/wesan +
present participle construction, (2) OE standan as a Copula.
This is the question raised by Nickel (1966), and again by Mitchell (1985: [section][section]974-982) when he evokes "the problem of deciding whether the
present participle is to be taken as adjectival or verbal".