presume

presume

belief on reasonable grounds; in law, to assume as true in the absence of proof to the contrary; to undertake with unwarrantable boldness; to undertake without permission: presume to speak for someone else; go too far in taking liberties; also some of the same meanings as assume, such as presuppose and take for granted

Not to be confused with:

assume – to take for granted: Don’t assume the old bridge is safe.; suppose; postulate; to take upon oneself: assume an obligation; to take on, adopt: assume a virtue; to feign: assume an innocent demeanor; to take on the debts or obligations of another: assume the loan

Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree Copyright © 2007, 2013 by Mary Embree

pre·sume

 (prĭ-zo͞om′)

v. pre·sumed, pre·sum·ing, pre·sumes

v.tr.

1. To take for granted as being true in the absence of proof to the contrary: "I presume you're tired after the long ride" (Edith Wharton).

2. To constitute reasonable evidence for assuming; appear to prove: A signed hotel bill presumes occupancy of a room.

3. To venture without authority or permission; dare: He presumed to invite himself to dinner.

v.intr.

1. To take for granted that something is true or factual; make a supposition.

2. To act presumptuously or take unwarranted advantage of something: Don't presume on their hospitality.

---

[Middle English presumen, from Old French presumer, from Late Latin praesūmere, from Latin, to anticipate : prae-, pre- + sūmere, to take; see em- in Indo-European roots.]

---

pre·sum′ed·ly (-zo͞o′mĭd-lē) adv.

pre·sum′er n.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

presume

(prɪˈzjuːm)

vb

1. (when tr, often takes a clause as object) to take (something) for granted; assume

2. (when tr, often foll by an infinitive) to take upon oneself (to do something) without warrant or permission; dare: do you presume to copy my work?.

3. (intr; foll by on or upon) to rely or depend: don't presume on his agreement.

4. (Law) law to take as proved until contrary evidence is produced

[C14: via Old French from Latin praesūmere to take in advance, from prae before + sūmere to assume]

presumedly adv

preˈsumer n

preˈsuming adj

preˈsumingly adv

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

pre•sume

(prɪˈzum)

v. -sumed, -sum•ing. v.t.

1. to take for granted, assume, or suppose.

2. Law. to assume as true in the absence of proof to the contrary.

3. to undertake with unwarrantable boldness.

4. to undertake (to do something) without right or permission: to presume to speak for another person.

v.i.

5. to take something for granted; suppose.

6. to act or proceed with unwarrantable or impertinent boldness.

7. to go too far in acting unwarrantably or in taking liberties (usu. fol. by on or upon): to presume on someone's tolerance.

[1300–50; Middle English (< Old French presumer) < Latin praesūmere to take beforehand (Late Latin: take for granted, assume, dare) =prae- pre- + sūmere to take up, suppose (see consume)]

pre•sum′ed•ly, adv.

pre•sum′er, n.

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

presume

Past participle: presumed
Gerund: presuming

Imperative

presume

presume

Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

Thesaurus

Verb	1.	presume - take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof; "I assume his train was late" assume, take for granted presuppose, suppose - take for granted or as a given; suppose beforehand; "I presuppose that you have done your work" anticipate, expect - regard something as probable or likely; "The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow"
	2.	presume - take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission; "How dare you call my lawyer?" dare, make bold act, move - perform an action, or work out or perform (an action); "think before you act"; "We must move quickly"; "The governor should act on the new energy bill"; "The nanny acted quickly by grabbing the toddler and covering him with a wet towel"
	3.	presume - constitute reasonable evidence for; "A restaurant bill presumes the consumption of food" bear witness, evidence, testify, prove, show - provide evidence for; "The blood test showed that he was the father"; "Her behavior testified to her incompetence"
	4.	presume - take liberties or act with too much confidence behave, act, do - behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself; "You should act like an adult"; "Don't behave like a fool"; "What makes her do this way?"; "The dog acts ferocious, but he is really afraid of people"

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

presume

verb

1. believe, think, suppose, assume, guess (informal, chiefly U.S. & Canad.), take it, take for granted, infer, conjecture, postulate, surmise, posit, presuppose I presume you're here on business.

2. dare, venture, undertake, go so far as, have the audacity, take the liberty, make bold, make so bold as I wouldn't presume to question your judgement.

3. presuppose, assume, imply, take as read The legal definition of 'know' often presumes mental control.

presume on something or someone depend on, rely on, exploit, take advantage of, count on, bank on, take liberties with, trust in or to He's presuming on your good nature.

Quotations
"Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" [Henry Morton Stanley How I Found Livingstone]

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

presume

verb

1. To take for granted without proof:

assume, posit, postulate, premise, presuppose, suppose.

Informal: reckon.

2. To have the courage to put forward, as an idea, especially when rebuff or criticism is likely:

dare, hazard, pretend, venture.

3. To take advantage of unfairly:

abuse, exploit, impose, use.

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations

يَجْرُؤيُفْتَرَضُ أنَّيَفْتَرِض وجود شَيء

předpokládatdovolit si

antageformodevove

annehmenmutmaßenvermutenanmaßen

υποθέτω

suponeratreversepresumir

olettaaotaksua

présumersupposerpermettre de

pretpostaviti

gyanít

gera ráî fyrirleyfa sér, dirfast

presumerepresumibilmentepresuntuosopresunzionecongettura

推定する

추정하다

perdėtas pasitikėjimas savimipernelyg įžūlusprezumpcijaturbūt

domātpieņemtuzdrīkstētiesuzskatīt

veronderstellen

ta for gitt

przypuścić

presumir

предполагать

domnevati

antaförmoda

เชื่อว่าเป็นจริง

farzetmekvarsaymakcüret etmek

giả sử

假定擅自相信认定

presume

[prɪˈzjuːm]

A. VT

1. (= suppose) → suponer, presumir
his death must be presumed → es de suponer que ha muerto, hay que presumir que ha muerto
to presume that → suponer que ...
it may be presumed that → es de suponer que ...
to presume sb to be innocent → suponer que algn es inocente
Dr Livingstone, I presume → Dr Livingstone según creo

2. (= venture) to presume to do sth → atreverse a hacer algo
I wouldn't presume to question your judgement → no me atrevería a poner en duda su buen criterio
if I may presume to advise you → si me permite ofrecerle un consejo

B. VI

1. (= suppose) → suponer

2. (= take liberties) to presume on sb's friendship → abusar de la amistad de algn
you presume too much → no sabes lo que pides, pides demasiado

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

presume

[prɪˈzjuːm] vt

(= suppose) → présumer
to presume (that) ... → présumer que ...
I presume you're here on business → Je présume que vous êtes ici pour affaires.
I presume so → je présume que oui
to be presumed dead → être présumé mort

(= dare) to presume to do sth → se permettre de faire qch

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

presume

vt

(= suppose) → annehmen, vermuten; sb’s death → unterstellen (form); presumed dead → mutmaßlich verstorben; to be presumed innocent → als unschuldig gelten; he is presumed to be living in Spain → es wird vermutet, dass er in Spanien lebt

(= venture) to presume to do something → sich (dat) → erlauben or sich (dat) → herausnehmen or sich erdreisten, etw zu tun

vi

(= suppose) → annehmen, vermuten; Dr Livingstone, I presume → Dr. Livingstone, wie ich annehme; it was his decision, I presume → ich nehme an or vermute, das war seine Entscheidung; I presume not → ich glaube nein

(= take liberties, be presumptuous) I didn’t want to presume → ich wollte nicht aufdringlich sein; you presume too much → Sie sind wirklich vermessen; to presume on or upon something → etw überbeanspruchen

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

presume

[prɪˈzjuːm]

1. vt

a. (suppose) to presume (that) → supporre (che), presumere (che)
I presume she'll come → suppongo che verrà
I presume he did it → suppongo che l'abbia fatto

b. (frm) (venture) to presume to do sth → permettersi di fare qc

2. vi (frm) (take liberties) → prendersi troppe libertà
to presume on sb's friendship → approfittarsi dell'amicizia di qn

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

presume

(prəˈzjuːm) verb

1. to believe that something is true without proof; to take for granted. When I found the room empty, I presumed that you had gone home; `Has he gone?' `I presume so.' aanneem يَفْتَرِض وجود شَيء пpeдпoлaгaм presumir předpokládat 'annehmen formode υποθέτωpresumir, suponer arvama فرض کردن olettaa présumer, supposer לְהַנִיח मान लेना pretpostaviti feltételez, vél, gyanít yakin gera ráð fyrir presumere, supporre 推定する 추정하다 (pa)manyti pieņemt; domāt; uzskatīt membuat anggapan aannemenanta, gå ut frazałożyć فرض كول calcular a presupune, a bănui предполагать predpokladať domnevati pretpostavljati anta, förmoda สันนิษฐาน varsaymak, farzetmek 相信，認定，假定 припускати, гадати مان لينا، فرض کرنا cho là; đoán là 相信，认定，假定

2. to be bold enough (to act without the right, knowledge etc to do so). I wouldn't presume to advise someone as clever as you. waag يَجْرُؤ позволявам си ter a presunção dovolit si anmaßen vove τολμώatreverse, permitirse endale lubama جسارت کردن rohjeta se permettre de חצוף साहस करना, आज्ञा लिए बिना करना dopustiti sebi mer(észel) (vmit megtenni) lancang, berani leyfa sér, dirfast permettersi di あえて～する 대담하게 (~) 하다 drįsti uzdrīkstēties memandai-mandai zich aanmatigenta seg den frihet åośmielić się جسارت كول ter a presunção a-şi per­mite (să) осмеливаться dovoliť si dovoliti si davati sebi za pravo tillåta (drista, understå) sig ทึกทัก cüret etmek 擅自 насмілюватися, наважуватися جرأت کرنا đánh bạo 擅自

preˈsumably adverb

I presume. She's not in her office – presumably she went home early. vermoedelik حَسَب الإفْتِراض вероятно provavelmente pravděpodobně vermutlich formentligt μάλλονse supone que, es de suponer oletatavasti احتمالاً oletettavasti vraisemblablement יש לְהָנִיח संभाव्यत po svojoj prilici, vjerovatno feltehetően mungkin sennilega presumibilmente おそらく 아마 tikriausiai, turbūt iespējams; jādomā, ka barangkali vermoedelijkantakelig, trolig, formodentligprzypuszczalnie احتمالاً، كيداى شى provavelmente probabil вероятно pravdepodobne verjetno verovatno antagligen, förmodligen โดยการคาดคะเน belki, galiba 我相信 мабуть; очевидно شايد có lẽ 我相信

preˈsumption (-ˈzamp-) noun

1. something presumed. She married again, on the presumption that her first husband was dead. vermoede إفْتِراض предположение suposição předpoklad die Vermutung formodning υπόθεσηpresunción, suposición oletus فرض oletus présomptionהנחה धारणा vjerovatno feltételezés keyakinan ályktun supposizione 仮定 추정 prielaida, prezumpcija prezumpcija; pieņēmums; uzskats anggapan veronderstellingantakelse, tro, formodningzałożenie فرض suposição presu­punere предположение predpoklad domneva pretpostavka antagande, förmodan การสันนิษฐาน varsayım, tahmin 被認定的事物，推斷 припущення قياس، گمان điều giả định 被认定的事物，推断

2. unsuitable boldness, eg in one's behaviour towards another person. ongeskik تَجَرُّؤ، تَطاوُل самонадеяност presunção troufalost die Anmaßung arrogance υπερβολικό θάρρος presunción jultumus پررویی röyhkeys impertinenceחוצפה अभिमान, धृष्टता drzak, odveć samosvjestan elbizakodottság kelancangan ósvífni presunzione ずうずうしさ 뻔뻔함 perdėtas pasitikėjimas savimi uzdrīkstēšanās; pašpārliecinātība perbuatan memandai-mandai aanmatiginginnbilskhet, arrogansearogancja پوك سړى presunção impertinenţă самонадеянность trúfalosť predrznost drskost förmätenhet, övermod, arrogans อวดดี küstahlık, cüret 自以為是，冒昧，傲慢 самовпевненість جرأت بيجا sự kiêu căng 自以为是，冒昧，傲慢

preˈsumptuous (-ˈzamptjuəs) , ((American) -ˈzamptʃuəs) adjective

impolitely bold. ongeskik, voor op die wa قَليل الحَياء، وَقِح، مُتَجاسِر самонадея presunçoso drzý anmaßend indbildsk θρασύς, αυθάδηςpresuntuoso jultunud گستاخ röyhkeä impertinentחוצפה धृष्ट drzak, uobražen elbizakodott lancang djarfur, ósvífinn presuntuoso つけあがった 뻔뻔스러운, 주제넘은 pernelyg įžūlus, pasitikintis savimi pašpārliecināts terlalu berani aanmatigendovermodig, innbilskarogancki بى ادب presunçoso impertinent самонадеянный drzý predrzen arogantan förmäten, övermodig, arrogant ที่อวดดี küstah, haddini bilmez 傲慢的 самовпевнений; зухвалий شوخ، بے باک ngạo mạn 傲慢的

preˈsumptuousness noun

ongeskikheid تَجاسُر، وَقاحَه، قِلَّة حَياء самонадеяност presunção drzost die Anmaßung indbildskhed θρασύτηταpresunción, atrevimiento jultumus گستاخی ylimielisyys impertinenceשחצנות धृष्ठता drskost önhittség kelancangan ósvífni presunzione つけあがり 뻔뻔스러움 įžūlumas, perdėtas pasitikėjimas savimi pašpārliecinātība sikap yg memandai-mandai aanmatigingovermodighet, innbilskhet nadmierna pewność siebie بى ادبى presunção impertinenţă самонадеянность drzosť predrznost arogantnost förmätenhet, övermod, arrogans การทะนงตน küstahlık, haddini bilmezlik 傲慢 самовпевненість; зухвалість بے باکي، شوخي sự ngạo mạn 傲慢

Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

presume

→ يُفْتَرَضُ أنَّ předpokládat antage annehmen υποθέτω suponer olettaa supposer pretpostaviti presumere 推定する 추정하다 veronderstellen ta for gitt przypuścić presumir предполагать anta เชื่อว่าเป็นจริง farzetmek giả sử 假定

Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009