Massive expansion and functional divergence of innate immune genes in a
protostome. Sci.
Peel, "Articulated Halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland and Their Role in Early
Protostome Evolution," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 347 (1995): 305-58.
Evidence from 18S ribosomal DNA that the Lophophorates are
protostome animals.
Eyes appear in the bilaterally symmetrical animals in the
protostome invertebrate branch, including the Phylum Arthropoda (jointed leg animals), Annelida (segmented worms), and Mollusca (bivalves, snails, and cephalopods).
Polychaete plylogeny: A problem in
Protostome evolution.
The 28S ribosomal RNA band is not usually observed in mussels because, as it has been described in other
protostome species (Mauriz et al.
For example, the relationships among the
protostome phyla or the classes of arthropods continue to be points of contention.
NPCRY is closely related to a
protostome NPCRY, found in many invertebrates, but not present in Drosophila (Lin and Todo, 2005; Ozturk, 2016; Michael etal., 2017).
ABSTRACT Molluscs belong to one of the two
protostome superphyla, the Lophotrochozoa.
Identification and characterization of a
protostome homologue of peropsin from a jumping spider.
(2008), use of these terms is problematic as both
protostome and vertebrate genomes contain both types, a fact recognized by Hibino et al.
The seemingly sporadic distribution of the different SNBP types is the result of this transition having occurred repeatedly in the course of evolution (Kasinsky, 1995) within different groups of both the deuterostome and
protostome branches (Ausio, 1999; Eirin-Lopez et al., 2006a; Erin-Lopez and Ausio, 2009), with the P-type always present in organisms at the tips of the phylogenetic branches (Hunt et al., 1996).