Dr Shepherd, who reviewed evidence in the case, said the tiny, fatal tear in a
pulmonary vein that killed Diana was incredibly rare - and he has dismissed conspiracy theories surrounding her death.
The surgical correction of the defect can be attempted through the following procedures: re-routing the blood flow of the anomalous
pulmonary vein to the left atrium, repairing associated cardiac defects, and ligating any anomalous systemic arterial supply to the right lung.5 In cases where there is associated pulmonary sequestration and recurrent pneumonias, a lobectomy or pneumectomy may be considered.
Then the soft end of super stiff wire (0.35 " 260 cm) was located to the left upper
pulmonary vein followed by the Renal Balloon mounted stent (8 mm x 30 mm) [Cook Medical].
Left atrial cryoablation was performed from the opening of the right upper
pulmonary vein to the midpoint of the left upper
pulmonary vein opening via left atrial top, from the opening of the right lower
pulmonary vein to the midpoint of left
pulmonary vein opening, from the opening of the right lower
pulmonary vein to the left auricle and from the right
pulmonary vein opening to mitral annulus.
Ablation for AF aimed at electrical
pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has demonstrated a decreased recurrence of AFl.
Like all the veins in our body, the
pulmonary vein (PV) shows a different pattern in each individual, called normal variation.
Lenz et al., "Catheter-based intervention for
pulmonary vein stenosis due to fibrosing mediastinitis: the Mayo Clinic experience," International journal of cardiology.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare congenital cardiac defect (CHD) which occurs as a result of defective development or early atresia of the common
pulmonary vein. The incidence of TAPVR ranges from 0.6 to 1.2 per 10,000 live births, and is the fifth most common cause of CHD.1,2 TAPVR is categorized as supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, or mixed forms.3 Surgical outcomes depend upon the anatomical type of TAPVR and presence or absence of obstruction to the drainage of these anomalous veins.
Pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare condition [1].
reported eight patients with
pulmonary vein bigeminy, and 3 of them showed cPVB [13].
Meandering
pulmonary vein (MPV) is a rarely seen pulmonary vascular anomaly and confused with the scimitar syndrome or solitary pulmonary nodules.
The indexed
pulmonary vein sum is smaller in patients with asplenia syndrome than in those without.