The spermatogenesis is well disciplined and highly organized process of germ cell maturation along with the proliferation of a diploid cell known
Spermatogonia into a mature haploid cell known as Spermatozoa.
"This study demonstrates that undifferentiated stem and progenitor
spermatogonia may be recovered from the testicular tissues of patients who are in the early stages of their treatment and have not yet received an ablative dose of therapy.
Testicular cell number estimation: To estimate the total number of
spermatogonia A (pale-staining nucleus with a fine "dusty" distribution of heterochromatin throughout the nucleus), B (with dense clumps of heterochromatin around the periphery of the nucleus), (24) Sertoli cells, spermatocytes, round and long spermatids, and Leydig cells, a Nikon E200 light microscope (Tokyo, Japan) fitted with a 60x oil objective lens was applied at the final magnification of 1,640x.
Vitamin D receptor expression in various reproductive tissues (as shown in Figure) like smooth muscles of the epididymis,
spermatogonia, Sertoli cells and sperms, especially mid piece and nucleus shows that it plays a crucial role in reproduction and therefore fertility.
For instance, the VEGF-A levels mirror the impairment of
spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and Sertoli cells upon Zika virus infection (4).
The control negative group (200x; H&E) has normal cyto-architecture, reveal interstitial tissues (IT) and seminiferous tubules (ST) with sustentacular cells and the normal developing germ cells:
spermatogonia (Sp), spermatocytes I (SPI), spermatids (Spt), spermatozoa (Spz) with flagellum.
They also showed that TX decreases the number of
spermatogonia type A,
spermatogonia type B, primary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm, sertoli and leydig cells (25).
Immature (stage I) males show
spermatogonia (Sg = 10.35 [+ or -]0.11 [micro]m) and Sertoli cells (Se = 10.63 [+ or -] 0.46 [micro]m) (Fig.
The main histopathological findings observed in Group I and II goats consisted of cytoplasmic vacuolization of the germline and Sertoli cells, generalized impairment of
spermatogonia maturation with exfoliation of degenerative cells, cell fragmentation, rare abnormal spermatocytes in the seminiferous lumen and disappearance of Leydig cells.
a) Regressed: in which a considerable quantity of
spermatogonia were observed dominating almost the entire testicle, although some areas with spermatozoid presence were also found, b) mature: during which spermatocytes were observed over almost the entire testicular tissue, with high number of spermatozoids, c) spent: where practically the entire testicular tissue presented spermatozoids, with spermatic sacs partially full.
We considered only the
spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes because they were mostly cells that react with bax or PCNA.