Caption: Particle partners: Supersymmetry predicts that the known fundamental particles in physics (left) have
superparticle partners (right).
Gauge fixing in the pure spinor formalism for the
superparticle includes the 'b-ghost', with the property {Q,b} = [].
Relation (3) was obtained after treating the universe as the "ultimate
superparticle" following Weinberg's idea [4], and using his relation for the mass of an elementary particle.
Such a complex mass has been called a holon in recognition that it is a
superparticle subject at some level to the laws of quantum physics (Hayward, 1997).
Those physicists proposed that each fundamental particle of matter, and each basic force-carrying particle, had a "
superparticle" cousin.
The discovery of the single top confirms important parameters of particle physics, including the total number of quarks, and has significance for the ongoing search for the Higgs particle at Fermilab and at the Large Hadron Collider, the world's largest
superparticle collider in Switzerland that is expected to begin operations anew this fall after suffering a malfunction last year.
The
superparticle is thought to be more massive than its corresponding particle.
For example, if the lightest
superparticle turned out to be the wino, the superpartner of the weak force-carrying W boson, that would be consistent with a version of string theory known by the pithy moniker "M-theory compactified on 7-D manifold of [G.sub.2] holonomy."
In such a condensate, atomic or subatomic particles share the same quantum state, amassing into what is, in essence, a single
superparticle.
Chilled to temperatures barely above absolute zero, theory predicted, the atoms would collectively enter the same quantum state and behave like a single unit, or
superparticle, with a specific wavelength.
Instead of becoming a liquid or solid, the entire clump behaves essentially as a single unit, a
superparticle.
The Lagrangian particle-based probabilistic approach is a practical alternative in which the myriad of cloud and precipitation particles present in a natural cloud is represented by a judiciously selected ensemble of point particles called superdroplets or
superparticles. The advantages of the Lagrangian particle-based approach when compared to the Eulerian bin methodology are explained, and the prospects of applying the method to more comprehensive cloud simulations--for instance, targeting deep convection or frontal cloud systems--are discussed.