The protein nanoparticle bound drugs include loperamide,
tubocurarine, and doxorubicin.
Among the established agents,
tubocurarine, gallamine, and pancuronium exert significant cardiovascular effects; atracurium and mivacurium produce minor changes in cardiovascular variables whereas vecuronium and rocuronium are associated with a high degree of cardiostability.
Several significant modern drugs such as digitoxin reserpine
tubocurarine ephedrine ergometrine atropine vinblastine and aspirin had their origins in traditional folk medicines [2 9].
Modern drugs like aspirin, atropine, ephedrine, digoxin, morphine, quinine, reserpine, and
tubocurarine are examples, which were originally discovered through observations of traditional cure methods of indigenous peoples [19].
in 2007 [20] showed in human leukocytes that antagonists of the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors (
tubocurarine and atropine, resp.) could significantly decrease the phagocytic functions of granulocytes but did not change the migration of these cells, whereas in Jurkat cells (the human helper T-lymphocyte leukemic line) exposure to oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M), a cholinergic agonist, could significantly increase the synthesis of IL-2, which could be related to the transcriptional factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) [21].
Modern drugs like aspirin, atropine, ephedrine, digoxin, morphine, quinine, reserpine and
tubocurarine are examples, which were originally discovered through observations of traditional cure methods of indigenous peoples.
Neuromuscular transmission which was suppressed by
tubocurarine in the in vitro preparation could be briefly restored by application to the nerve of two or more very closely spaced stimuli; this occurred because of summation of endplate potentials.
Some of the useful plant drugs include vinblastine, vincristine, Taxol, Podophyllotoxin, camptothecin, digitoxigenin, gitoxigenin, digoxigenin,
tubocurarine, morphine, codeine, aspirin, atropine, Pilocarpine, capsicum, Ellison, curcumin, artemesinin and ephedrine among others.
Rich., the skeletal muscle relaxant
tubocurarine from Strychnos toxifera Bentham, and the antimicrobial compounds berberine and sanguinarine from divergent plant species including Berberis spp.
Nicotinic receptor mediated diaphragm contractions were fully inhibited by catharanthine ([IC.sub.50] = 59.6 [micro]M) and ajmalicine ([IC.sub.50] = 72.3 [micro]M), in a reversible but non-competitive manner, unlike the more potent nicotinic antagonist
tubocurarine ([IC.sub.50] = 0.35 [micro]M) whose competitive blockade was overcome by a physostigmine-induced increase in acetylcholine.
Chondodendron tomentosum is a native of South America and produces the alkaloid
tubocurarine, the principal ingredient in curare.