Testosterone can cause
virilization of the female fetus when administered to a pregnant woman.
Most of the time, the defect is diagnosed only during molecular investigations associated with hypogonadism, gynecomastia or infertility whereas, 46 XX SRY negative males can be identified immediately after birth owing to inadequate
virilization of external genital organs.
DHEAS is therefore converted to testosterone, resulting in the
virilization of both fetus and mother.
Because the systemic and dermatologic
virilization effects of testosterone are unpredictable once treatment has started, and because individual goals also are varied (from maximum
virilization to only suppressing feminine secondary sex characteristics), Mr.
Norethynodrel is a nortestosterone derivative that has androgenic and metabolic effects that include voice
virilization. (14) The second generation oral contraceptive developed in the 1970s included a progestin derivative, levonorgestrel (LNG), that allowed inhibition of ovulation at a lower dose.
Severe
virilization could be caused by the overactivity of either 5-[alpha] reductase22 or androgen receptor.
TABLE 2 Adverse effects and risks of testosterone treatment in menopausal women Adverse effects * Hirsutism * Acne * Application site reaction (skin irritation, local hair growth) Risks with compounded products * Batch-to-batch variability * Limited or no testing of product purity and quality * Variable absorption and bioavailability * Inadvertent supraphysiologic dosing Risks with supraphysiologic dosing *
Virilization * Liver dysfunction * Lowering of HDL cholesterol * Psychologic changes Potential risks with long-term use * Breast cancer * Cardiovascular disease Abbreviation: HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive condition with an incidence of approximately 1 in 12,500 Caucasian births.1 It is caused by the mutations of genes for enzymes mediating the biochemical steps of production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids or sex steroids from cholesterol by the adrenal glands (steroidogenesis).2 Most of these conditions involve excessive or deficient production of sex steroids and can alter development of primary or secondary sex characteristics in some affected infants, children or adults.3 CAH is characterized by deficiency of one of the enzymes required to make cortisol - required for stress response, maintenance of blood pressure; aldosterone - required for salt retention; or androgens - for
virilization of the fetus (rare form).
Hirsutism and
virilization. In: Longo DA, Fauci AS, Kasper D, Larry Jl, editors.
Second, in the urogenital sinus and urogenital tubercle, it acts as a prohormone for DHT, the third hormone of male
virilization. DHT is responsible for the development of the prostate, penis, and scrotum.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessively inherited disorders, which are clinically characterized by different degrees of
virilization and salt wasting caused by deficiency of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of steroid hormones (6,7).