Regarding the anelastic volume variation (overall minus elastic volume change), at all three temperatures it remains very close to zero and then at a strain near to the maximum stress a major change in the
volume strain curves slope occurs.
And the
volume strain [[epsilon].sub.v] and crack
volume strain [[epsilon].sub.cv] [22] under triaxial compression can be written by
[3] established the function relationship between rock mass porosity and isotropic
volume strain. Then, the quantitative relationship between rock mass deformation and permeability was determined, and the numerical analysis of a fluid-solid coupling process in a deep rock mass project was realized.
For example, during the beginning stage of a constant-strain-rate tension, the
volume strain shows a small reduction, which is beyond understanding because on the base of the classical mechanics there could be not the reduction of
volume strain in stretching process.
Together with the phases, the signs of the co-seismic amplitude change as well as the co-seismic and post-seismic patterns of volumetric strain and water level, we obtain the coupling mechanism of the
volume strain change and the water level change: Before the earthquake, tidal volumetric strain induced the change of water level (the phase of the water level lagged behind that of the
volume strain).
Under hydrostatic compression, the bulk modulus (B) is defined as the ratio, hydrostatic pressure to
volume strain (ref.
Under the assumption of transversal isotropy, the lateral contraction is the same in the two transversal directions, therefore it is possible to evaluate the
volume strain, [DELTA]V/[V.sub.0], as
Meanwhile, pressure is a function of
volume strain, and damage accumulation is a function of plastic
volume strain, equivalent plastic strain, and pressure.
Based on the observation of both water levels and
volume strains in the Fuxin well, northeastern China, the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake produced huge-energy teleseismic waves, leading to an extreme decrease of
volume strain and an abrupt increase of water level in the aquifer at far fields (epicentral distance >1800 km).