retrograde

ret·ro·grade

 (rĕt′rə-grād′)

adj.

1. Moving or tending backward: a retrograde flow.

2. Opposite to the usual order; inverted or reversed: the retrograde form of the melody.

3. Reverting to an earlier or inferior condition: a retrograde way of thinking.

4. Astronomy

a. Of or relating to the orbital revolution or axial rotation of a planetary or other celestial body that moves clockwise from east to west, in the direction opposite to most celestial bodies.

b. Of or relating to the brief, regularly occurring, apparently backward movement of a planetary body in its orbit as viewed against the fixed stars, caused by the differing orbital velocities of Earth and the body observed.

c. Of or relating to orbital motion in the direction opposite that of the predominant motion in an orbital system.

intr.v. ret·ro·grad·ed, ret·ro·grad·ing, ret·ro·grades

1. Astronomy To have retrograde motion.

2. To decline to an inferior state; degenerate.

3. Archaic To move or seem to move backward.

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[Middle English, from Latin retrōgradus, from retrōgradī, to go back : retrō-, retro- + -gradus, walking (from gradī, to go; see ghredh- in Indo-European roots).]

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ret′ro·gra·da′tion (-rō-grā-dā′shən) n.

ret′ro·grade′ly adv.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

retrograde

(ˈrɛtrəʊˌɡreɪd)

adj

1. moving or bending backwards

2. (esp of order) reverse or inverse

3. tending towards an earlier worse condition; declining or deteriorating

4. (Astronomy) astronomy

a. occurring or orbiting in a direction opposite to that of the earth's motion around the sun. Compare direct¹⁸

b. occurring or orbiting in a direction around a planet opposite to the planet's rotational direction: the retrograde motion of the satellite Phoebe around Saturn.

c. appearing to move in a clockwise direction due to the rotational period exceeding the period of revolution around the sun: Venus has retrograde rotation.

5. (Biology) biology tending to retrogress; degenerate

6. (Music, other) music of, concerning, or denoting a melody or part that is played backwards

7. obsolete opposed, contrary, or repugnant to

vb (intr)

8. to move in a retrograde direction; retrogress

9. (Military) military US another word for retreat¹

[C14: from Latin retrōgradī to go backwards, from gradi to walk, go]

ˌretrograˈdation n

ˈretroˌgradely adv

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

ret•ro•grade

(ˈrɛ trəˌgreɪd)

adj., v. -grad•ed, -grad•ing. adj.

1. having a backward motion or direction; retiring or retreating.

2. inverse or reversed, as order.

3. Chiefly Biol. exhibiting degeneration or deterioration.

4.

a. moving in an orbit in the direction opposite to that of the earth in its revolution around the sun.

b. appearing to move on the celestial sphere in the direction opposite to the natural order of the signs of the zodiac, or from east to west.

Compare direct (def. 25).

5. Archaic. contrary; opposed.

v.i.

6. to move or go backward; retire or retreat.

7. Chiefly Biol. to decline to a worse condition; degenerate.

[1350–1400; Middle English (adj.) < Latin retrōgradus going back, derivative of retrōgradī=retrō- retro- + gradī to step, go; compare grade]

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

ret·ro·grade

(rĕt′rə-grād′)

Relating to the revolution in an orbit or rotation about an axis of a celestial body that moves clockwise from east to west, in the direction opposite to the movement of most celestial bodies.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

retrograde

Past participle: retrograded
Gerund: retrograding

Imperative

retrograde

retrograde

Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011

Thesaurus

Verb	1.	retrograde - move backward in an orbit, of celestial bodies orb, orbit, revolve - move in an orbit; "The moon orbits around the Earth"; "The planets are orbiting the sun"; "electrons orbit the nucleus"
	2.	retrograde - move in a direction contrary to the usual one; "retrograding planets" go, locomote, move, travel - change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically; "How fast does your new car go?"; "We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus"; "The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect"; "The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell"; "news travelled fast"
	3.	retrograde - move back; "The glacier retrogrades" retreat draw back, move back, pull away, pull back, recede, retreat, withdraw, retire - pull back or move away or backward; "The enemy withdrew"; "The limo pulled away from the curb"
	4.	retrograde - go back over; "retrograde arguments" hash over, rehash recap, recapitulate - summarize briefly; "Let's recapitulate the main ideas"
	5.	retrograde - get worse or fall back to a previous condition retrogress, regress decline, worsen - grow worse; "Conditions in the slum worsened" fall behind, recede, drop off, fall back, lose - retreat
Adj.	1.	retrograde - moving from east to west on the celestial sphere; or--for planets--around the sun in a direction opposite to that of the Earth astronomy, uranology - the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole direct - moving from west to east on the celestial sphere; or--for planets--around the sun in the same direction as the Earth
	2.	retrograde - of amnesia; affecting time immediately preceding trauma anterograde - of amnesia; affecting time immediately following trauma
	3.	retrograde - going from better to worse retrogressive regressive - opposing progress; returning to a former less advanced state
	4.	retrograde - moving or directed or tending in a backward direction or contrary to a previous direction retral backward - directed or facing toward the back or rear; "a backward view"

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

retrograde

adjective deteriorating, backward, regressive, retrogressive, declining, negative, reverse, retreating, worsening, downward, waning, relapsing, inverse, degenerative It would be a retrograde step to revert to the old system.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

retrograde

adjective

Directed or facing toward the back or rear:

backward, retrogressive.

verb

1. To move in a reverse direction:

back, backpedal, backtrack, fall back, retreat, retrocede, retrogress.

Idiom: retrace one's steps.

2. To move back or away from a point, limit, or mark:

ebb, recede, retract, retreat, retrocede, retrogress.

3. To become lower in quality, character, or condition:

atrophy, decline, degenerate, descend, deteriorate, sink, worsen.

Idioms: go bad, go to pot, go to seed , go to the dogs.

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations

retrograd

arretratoindietroretrogrado

retrograde

[ˈretrəʊgreɪd] ADJ (fig) [step, measure] → retrógrado

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

retrograde

[ˈrɛtrəgreɪd] adj → rétrograde
a retrograde step → un pas en arrière, une régression

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

retrograde

adj → rückläufig; order → umgekehrt; policy → rückschrittlich; (Phys, Biol, Astron) → rückläufig, retrograd (spec); retrograde step → Rückschritt m

vi (Biol) → sich zurückentwickeln; (Astron) → sich retrograd bewegen

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

retrograde

[ˈrɛtrəʊˌgreɪd] adj (frm) a retrograde step (fig) → un passo (all')indietro

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

ret·ro·grade

a. retrógrado-a, que se mueve hacia atrás o retorna al pasado;

___ amnesia → amnesia ___;

___ aortography → aortografía ___;

___ pyelography → pielografía ___.

English-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

retrograde

adj retrógrado

English-Spanish/Spanish-English Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.