back 1 (b k)n. 1. a. The posterior portion of the trunk of the human body between the neck and the pelvis; the dorsum. b. The analogous dorsal region in other animals. 2. The backbone or spine. 3. The part or area farthest from the front. 4. The part opposite to or behind that adapted for view or use: the back of the hand; wrote on the back of the photograph. 5. The reverse side, as of a coin. 6. A part that supports or strengthens from the rear: the back of a couch. 7. a. The part of a book where the pages are stitched or glued together into the binding. b. The binding itself. 8. Sports a. A player who takes a position behind the front line of other players in certain games, such as football and soccer. b. This playing position. v. backed, back·ing, backs v.tr. 1. To cause to move backward or in a reverse direction: Back the car up and then make the turn. 2. To furnish or strengthen with a back or backing. 3. To provide with financial or moral support; support or endorse: Unions backed the pro-labor candidate. See Synonyms at support. 4. To provide with musical accompaniment. Often used with up. 5. To bet or wager on. 6. To adduce evidence in support of; substantiate: backed the argument with facts. 7. To form the back or background of: Snowcapped mountains back the village. v.intr. 1. To move backward: backed out of the garage. 2. To shift to a counterclockwise direction. Used of the wind. adj. 1. Located or placed in the rear: Deliveries should be made at the back entrance. 2. Distant from a center of activity; remote. 3. Of a past date; not current: a back issue of a periodical. 4. Being owed or due from an earlier time; in arrears: back pay. 5. Being in a backward direction. 6. Linguistics Pronounced with the back of the tongue, as oo in cool. Used of vowels. adv. Phrasal Verbs: 1. At, to, or toward the rear or back; backward. 2. In, to, or toward a former location: went back for the class reunion. 3. In, to, or toward a former condition. 4. In, to, or toward a past time. 5. In reserve or concealment. 6. In check or under restraint: Barriers held the crowd back. 7. In reply or return. back away To withdraw from a position; retreat. back down To withdraw from a position, opinion, or commitment. back off To retreat or draw away. back out 1. To withdraw from something before completion. 2. To fail to keep a commitment or promise. back up Idioms: 1. To cause to accumulate or undergo accumulation: The accident backed the traffic up for blocks. Traffic backed up in the tunnel. 2. Computer Science To make a backup of (a program or file). back and fill 1. Nautical To maneuver a vessel in a narrow channel by adjusting the sails so as to let the wind in and out of them in alteration. 2. To vacillate in one's actions or decisions. back to back Consecutively and without interruption: presented three speeches back to back. behind (one's) back In one's absence or without one's knowledge. have (one's) back up To be angry or irritated. off (someone's) back No longer nagging or urging someone to do something. on (someone's) back Persistently nagging or urging someone to do something. [Middle English bak, from Old English bæc.] back  less adj. |
| back 2 (bk) n. A shallow vat or tub used chiefly by brewers. [Dutch bak, from French bac, from Old French, boat, from Vulgar Latin *baccus, vessel, probably of Celtic origin.] |
back1
n
1. (Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Anatomy) the posterior part of the human body, extending from the neck to the pelvis Related adjective dorsal
2. (Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Zoology) the corresponding or upper part of an animal
3. (Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Anatomy) the spinal column
4. the part or side of an object opposite the front
5. the part or side of anything less often seen or used the back of a carpet the back of a knife
6. the part or side of anything that is furthest from the front or from a spectator the back of the stage
7. the convex part of something the back of a hill the back of a ship
8. something that supports, covers, or strengthens the rear of an object
9. (Individual Sports & Recreations / Ball Games, other than specified) Ball games
a. a mainly defensive player behind a forward
b. the position of such a player
10. (Communication Arts / Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) the part of a book to which the pages are glued or that joins the covers
11. (Mining & Quarrying) Mining
a. the side of a passage or layer nearest the surface
b. the earth between that level and the next
12. (Engineering / General Engineering) the upper surface of a joist, rafter, slate, tile, etc., when in position Compare bed [13]
at one's back behind, esp in support or pursuit
at the back of one's mind not in one's conscious thoughts
behind one's back without one's knowledge; secretly or deceitfully
break one's back to overwork or work very hard
break the back of to complete the greatest or hardest part of (a task)
(flat) on one's back incapacitated, esp through illness
get off someone's back Informal to stop criticizing or pestering someone
have on one's back to be burdened with
on someone's back Informal criticizing or pestering someone
put one's back into to devote all one's strength to (a task)
put (or get) someone's back up to annoy someone
see the back of to be rid of
back of beyond
a. the. a very remote place
b. Austral in such a place (esp in the phrase out back of beyond)
turn one's back on
a. to turn away from in anger or contempt
b. to refuse to help; abandon
with one's back to the wall in a difficult or desperate situation
vb (mainly tr)
1. (also intr) to move or cause to move backwards
2. to provide support, money, or encouragement for (a person, enterprise, etc.)
3. (Group Games / Gambling, except Cards) to bet on the success of to back a horse
4. to provide with a back, backing, or lining
5. (Music, other) to provide with a music accompaniment a soloist backed by an orchestra
6. to provide a background for; be at the back of mountains back the town
7. (Business / Commerce) to countersign or endorse
8. (Individual Sports & Recreations / Horse Training, Riding & Manège) Archaic to mount the back of
9. (intr; foll by on or onto) to have the back facing (towards) the house backs onto a river
10. (Earth Sciences / Physical Geography) (intr) (of the wind) to change direction in an anticlockwise direction Compare veer1 [3a]
11. (Transport / Nautical Terms) Nautical to position (a sail) so that the wind presses on its opposite side
back and fill
a. (Transport / Nautical Terms) Nautical to manoeuvre the sails by alternately filling and emptying them of wind to navigate in a narrow place
b. to vacillate in one's opinion
adj (prenominal)
1. situated behind a back lane
2. of the past back issues of a magazine
3. (Business / Commerce) owing from an earlier date back rent
4. Chiefly US, Austral, and NZ remote back country
5. (of a road) not direct
6. moving in a backward direction back current
7. (Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology) Phonetics of, relating to, or denoting a vowel articulated with the tongue retracted towards the soft palate, as for the vowels in English hard, fall, hot, full, fool
adv
1. at, to, or towards the rear; away from something considered to be the front; backwards; behind
2. in, to, or towards the original starting point, place, or condition to go back home put the book back my headache has come back
3. in or into the past to look back on one's childhood
4. in reply, repayment, or retaliation to hit someone back pay back a debt to answer back
5. in check the dam holds back the water
6. in concealment; in reserve to keep something back to hold back information
back and forth to and fro
back2
n
(Miscellaneous Technologies / Brewing) a large tub or vat, esp one used by brewers
[from Dutch bak tub, cistern, from Old French bac, from Vulgar Latin bacca (unattested) vessel for liquids]
ThesaurusLegend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms
| Noun | 1. |  back - the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; "his back was nicely tanned"saddle - posterior part of the back of a domestic fowl body part - any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity torso, trunk, body - the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; "they moved their arms and legs and bodies" small - the slender part of the back lat, latissimus dorsi - a broad flat muscle on either side of the back dorsal vertebra, thoracic vertebra - one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra lumbar vertebra - one of 5 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; lumbar vertebrae extend from the twelfth thoracic vertebra down to the sacral vertebrae |
| 2. | back - the side that goes last or is not normally seen; "he wrote the date on the back of the photograph" side - an extended outer surface of an object; "he turned the box over to examine the bottom side"; "they painted all four sides of the house" | |
| 3. | back - the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer; "he stood at the back of the stage"; "it was hidden in the rear of the store" position, place - the particular portion of space occupied by something; "he put the lamp back in its place" front - the part of something that is nearest to the normal viewer; "he walked to the front of the stage" | |
| 4. | back - (football) a person who plays in the backfield football, football game - any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal flanker, flanker back - a back stationed wide of the scrimmage line; used as a pass receiver football player, footballer - an athlete who plays American football running back - (football) a back on the offensive team (a fullback or halfback) who tries to advance the ball by carrying it on plays from the line of scrimmage tailback - (American football) the person who plays tailback wingback - (football) the person who plays wingback | |
| 5. |  back - the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back"notochord - a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates chine - backbone of an animal canalis vertebralis, spinal canal, vertebral canal - the canal in successive vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes vertebra - one of the bony segments of the spinal column intervertebral disc, intervertebral disk - a fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between all of the vertebrae of the spinal column (except between the first two) skeletal structure - any structure created by the skeleton of an organism axial skeleton - the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs | |
| 6. |  back - the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; "the book had a leather binding"book, volume - physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together; "he used a large book as a doorstop" half binding - book binding in which the spine and part of the sides are bound in one material and the rest in another protective cover, protective covering, protection - a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury; "they had no protection from the fallout"; "wax provided protection for the floors" three-quarter binding - the spine and much of the sides are a different material from the rest of the cover | |
| 7. | back - the part of a garment that covers the back of your body; "they pinned a `kick me' sign on his back" cloth covering - a covering made of cloth | |
| 8. |  back - a support that you can lean against while sitting; "the back of the dental chair was adjustable"cantle - the back of a saddle seat car seat - a seat in a car chair - a seat for one person, with a support for the back; "he put his coat over the back of the chair and sat down" ladder-back - the backrest of a chair that consists of two uprights with connecting slats support - any device that bears the weight of another thing; "there was no place to attach supports for a shelf" | |
| 9. | back - (American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage American football, American football game - a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays position - (in team sports) the role assigned to an individual player; "what position does he play?" line backer, linebacker - (American football) the position of a defensive football player who plays close behind the line of scrimmage field general, quarterback, signal caller - (American football) the position of the football player in the backfield who directs the offensive play of his team; "quarterback is the most important position on the team" fullback - (American football) the position of a back on a football team halfback - (American football) the position of a back on a football team tailback - (American football) the position of the offensive back on a football team who lines up farthest from the line of scrimmage wingback - (American football) the position of the offensive back who lines up behind or outside the end backfield - the offensive football players who line up behind the linemen secondary - the defensive football players who line up behind the linemen | |
| Verb | 1. | back - be behind; approve of; "He plumped for the Labor Party"; "I backed Kennedy in 1960" |
| 2. | back - travel backward; "back into the driveway"; "The car backed up and hit the tree" go, locomote, move, travel - change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically; "How fast does your new car go?"; "We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus"; "The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect"; "The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell"; "news travelled fast" back out - move out of a space backwards; "He backed out of the driveway" back - cause to travel backward; "back the car into the parking spot" back out - move out of a space backwards; "He backed out of the driveway" | |
| 3. | back - give support or one's approval to; "I'll second that motion"; "I can't back this plan"; "endorse a new project" | |
| 4. | back - cause to travel backward; "back the car into the parking spot" back - travel backward; "back into the driveway"; "The car backed up and hit the tree" bring forward, advance - cause to move forward; "Can you move the car seat forward?" | |
| 5. | back - support financial backing for; "back this enterprise" finance - obtain or provide money for; "Can we finance the addition to our home?" | |
| 6. | back - be in back of; "My garage backs their yard" lie - be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position | |
| 7. | back - place a bet on; "Which horse are you backing?"; "I'm betting on the new horse" ante - place one's stake | |
| 8. | back - shift to a counterclockwise direction; "the wind backed" veer - shift to a clockwise direction; "the wind veered" | |
| 9. | back - establish as valid or genuine; "Can you back up your claims?" affirm, confirm, corroborate, substantiate, support, sustain - establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant" | |
| 10. | back - strengthen by providing with a back or backing strengthen - gain strength; "His body strengthened" | |
| Adj. | 1. | back - related to or located at the back; "the back yard"; "the back entrance" posterior - located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure aft - (nautical, aeronautical) situated at or toward the stern or tail front - relating to or located in the front; "the front lines"; "the front porch" |
| 2. | back - located at or near the back of an animal; "back (or hind) legs"; "the hinder part of a carcass" posterior - located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure | |
| 3. | back - of an earlier date; "back issues of the magazine" noncurrent - not current or belonging to the present time | |
| Adv. | 1. | back - in or to or toward a former location; "she went back to her parents' house" |
| 2. | back - at or to or toward the back or rear; "he moved back"; "tripped when he stepped backward"; "she looked rearward out the window of the car" | |
| 3. | back - in or to or toward an original condition; "he went back to sleep" | |
| 4. | back - in or to or toward a past time; "set the clocks back an hour"; "never look back"; "lovers of the past looking fondly backward" | |
| 5. | back - in reply; "he wrote back three days later" | |
| 6. | back - in repayment or retaliation; "we paid back everything we had borrowed"; "he hit me and I hit him back"; "I was kept in after school for talking back to the teacher" |
back
adverb
1. backwards, in reverse, towards the rear, towards the back, rearwards She stepped back from the door expectantly.
2. again, as before Denise hopes to be back at work by the time her daughter is one.
3. at a distance, far, away, apart, out of the way Keep back from the edge of the platform.
4. ago, before, earlier, in the past, previously He was wounded in that terrorist attack a few years back.
noun
1. spine, backbone, vertebrae, spinal column, vertebral column Three of the victims were shot in the back.
adjective
verb
1. support, help, second, aid, champion, encourage, favour, defend, promote, sanction, sustain, assist, advocate, endorse, side with, stand up for, espouse, stand behind, countenance, abet, stick up for (informal), take up the cudgels for He is backed by the civic movement.
support attack, combat, oppose, undermine, weaken, thwart, hinder
support attack, combat, oppose, undermine, weaken, thwart, hinder
2. subsidize, help, support, finance, sponsor, assist, underwrite Murjani backed him to start the new company.
3. gamble on, bet (money) on, speculate on, punt on (chiefly Brit.), put money on, take a risk on, put your shirt on, stake money on, chance money on, wager money on, pledge money on, venture money on It is upsetting to discover that you have backed a loser.
back away move back, go back, retire, withdraw, shrink, recede, pull back, back off, recoil, draw back, give ground, turn tail The girls hastily backed away.
back away from something retreat, withdraw, shrink, depart, pull back, back off, draw back He's backing away from the policies and styles of his predecessor.
back down give in, collapse, withdraw, yield, concede, submit, surrender, comply, cave in (informal), capitulate, accede, admit defeat, back-pedal It's too late now to back down.
back off recoil, go back, retire, withdraw, shrink back, move back, recede, pull back, back away, draw back, turn tail They backed off in horror.
back off from something retreat from, withdraw from, depart from, shrink from, pull back from, draw back from The union has publicly backed off from that demand.
back out withdraw, retire, give up, pull out, retreat, drop out, renege, cop out (slang), chicken out (informal), detach yourself I've already promised I'll go - I can't back out now.
back out of something
1. withdraw from, abandon, cancel, pull out of, retire from, resign from, drop out of, give up on, retreat from, go back on, renege on, flip-flop on (informal, chiefly U.S.), backtrack on, chicken out of (informal), cop out of (slang), detach yourself from, recant on, disengage yourself from They backed out of the deal.
2. withdraw from, retire from, reverse from, retreat from, pull back from, back off from, back away from, recoil from, draw back from, turn tail from The two men backed out of the shop.
back someone up support, second, aid, assist, stand by, bolster, side with, vouch for The girl denied being there, and the men backed her up.
back something up substantiate, support, prove, confirm, reinforce, validate, bear out, corroborate, attest to, authenticate Her views are backed up by a report on crime.
behind someone's back secretly, covertly, surreptitiously, furtively, conspiratorially, sneakily, deceitfully You enjoy her hospitality, and then criticize her behind her back.
Related words
adjective dorsal
adjective dorsal
Translations
back [bæk]
When back is an element in a phrasal verb, eg come back, go back, put back, look up the verb.
A. NOUN
1. (= part of body)
1.1. [of person] → espalda f; [of animal] → lomo m
I've got a bad back → tengo la espalda mal, tengo un problema de espalda
to shoot sb in the back → disparar a algn por la espalda
he was lying on his back → estaba tumbado boca arriba
to carry sth/sb on one's back → llevar algo/a algn a la espalda
to have one's back to sth/sb → estar de espaldas a algo/algn
with his back to the light → de espaldas a la luz
sitting back to back → sentados espalda con espalda
I've got a bad back → tengo la espalda mal, tengo un problema de espalda
to shoot sb in the back → disparar a algn por la espalda
he was lying on his back → estaba tumbado boca arriba
to carry sth/sb on one's back → llevar algo/a algn a la espalda
to have one's back to sth/sb → estar de espaldas a algo/algn
with his back to the light → de espaldas a la luz
sitting back to back → sentados espalda con espalda
1.2. behind sb's back → a espaldas de algn
they laughed at her behind her back → se rieron de ella a sus espaldas
she has been seeing David behind my back → ha estado viendo a David a mis espaldas
to break the back of sth (= do the difficult part) → hacer la peor parte de algo; (= do the main part) → hacer lo más gordo de algo, hacer la mayor parte de algo
to get off sb's back → dejar a algn en paz
to get sb's back up → poner negro a algn, mosquear a algn
to live off the back of sb → vivir a costa de algn
to be on sb's back → estar encima de algn
my boss is always on my back → mi jefe siempre está encima mío
on the back of sth → a consecuencia de algo
shares rose on the back of two major new deals → las acciones subieron a consecuencia de dos nuevos e importantes tratos
to put one's back into sth → poner mucho esfuerzo or empeño en algo
to put one's back into doing sth → esforzarse a tope por hacer algo, emplearse a fondo en hacer algo
to put sb's back up → poner negro a algn, mosquear a algn
to see the back of sb I was glad to see the back of him → me alegró deshacerme de él
the moment or as soon as your back is turned ... → en cuanto te descuidas ...
to have one's back to the wall → estar entre la espada y la pared
see also flat A1
see also stab A1
they laughed at her behind her back → se rieron de ella a sus espaldas
she has been seeing David behind my back → ha estado viendo a David a mis espaldas
to break the back of sth (= do the difficult part) → hacer la peor parte de algo; (= do the main part) → hacer lo más gordo de algo, hacer la mayor parte de algo
to get off sb's back → dejar a algn en paz
to get sb's back up → poner negro a algn, mosquear a algn
to live off the back of sb → vivir a costa de algn
to be on sb's back → estar encima de algn
my boss is always on my back → mi jefe siempre está encima mío
on the back of sth → a consecuencia de algo
shares rose on the back of two major new deals → las acciones subieron a consecuencia de dos nuevos e importantes tratos
to put one's back into sth → poner mucho esfuerzo or empeño en algo
to put one's back into doing sth → esforzarse a tope por hacer algo, emplearse a fondo en hacer algo
to put sb's back up → poner negro a algn, mosquear a algn
to see the back of sb I was glad to see the back of him → me alegró deshacerme de él
the moment or as soon as your back is turned ... → en cuanto te descuidas ...
to have one's back to the wall → estar entre la espada y la pared
see also flat A1
see also stab A1
2. (= reverse side) [of cheque, envelope] → dorso m, revés m; [of hand] → dorso m; [of head] → parte f de atrás, parte f posterior(more frm); [of dress] → espalda f; [of medal] → reverso m
write your name on the back → escriba su nombre en el reverso
the back of the neck → la nuca
to know sth like the back of one's hand I know Naples like the back of my hand → conozco Nápoles como la palma de la mano
write your name on the back → escriba su nombre en el reverso
the back of the neck → la nuca
to know sth like the back of one's hand I know Naples like the back of my hand → conozco Nápoles como la palma de la mano
3. (= rear) [of room, hall] → fondo m; [of chair] → respaldo m; [of car] → parte f trasera, parte f de atrás; [of book] (= back cover) → tapa f posterior; (= spine) → lomo m
there was damage to the back of the car → la parte trasera or de atrás del coche resultó dañada
at the back (of) [+ building] → en la parte de atrás(de); [+ cupboard, hall, stage] → en el fondo(de)
there's a car park at the back → hay un aparcamiento en la parte de atrás
be quiet at the back! → ¡los de atrás guarden silencio!
they sat at the back of the bus → se sentaron en la parte de atrás del autobús, se sentaron al fondo del autobús
he's at the back of all this trouble → él está detrás de todo este lío
ambition is at the back of it → la ambición es lo que ha causado todo esto
this idea had been at the back of his mind for several days → esta idea le había estado varios días rondándole la cabeza
the ship broke its back → el barco se partió por la mitad
back to front → al revés
you've got your sweater on back to front → te has puesto el jersey al revés
in back of the house (US) → detrás de la casa
in the back of the car → en la parte trasera del coche
I'll sit in the back → yo me sentaré detrás
the toilet's out the back → el baño está fuera en la parte de atrás
they keep the car round the back → dejan el coche detrás de la casa
see also beyond B
see also mind A1
there was damage to the back of the car → la parte trasera or de atrás del coche resultó dañada
at the back (of) [+ building] → en la parte de atrás(de); [+ cupboard, hall, stage] → en el fondo(de)
there's a car park at the back → hay un aparcamiento en la parte de atrás
be quiet at the back! → ¡los de atrás guarden silencio!
they sat at the back of the bus → se sentaron en la parte de atrás del autobús, se sentaron al fondo del autobús
he's at the back of all this trouble → él está detrás de todo este lío
ambition is at the back of it → la ambición es lo que ha causado todo esto
this idea had been at the back of his mind for several days → esta idea le había estado varios días rondándole la cabeza
the ship broke its back → el barco se partió por la mitad
back to front → al revés
you've got your sweater on back to front → te has puesto el jersey al revés
in back of the house (US) → detrás de la casa
in the back of the car → en la parte trasera del coche
I'll sit in the back → yo me sentaré detrás
the toilet's out the back → el baño está fuera en la parte de atrás
they keep the car round the back → dejan el coche detrás de la casa
see also beyond B
see also mind A1
B. ADVERB
1. (in space) → atrás
stand back! → ¡atrás!
keep (well) back! (= out of danger) → ¡quédate ahí atrás!
keep back! (= don't come near me) → ¡no te acerques!
meanwhile, back in London/back at the airport → mientras, en Londres/en el aeropuerto
he little suspected how worried they were back at home → qué poco sospechaba lo preocupados que estaban en casa
back and forth → de acá para allá
to go back and forth [person] → ir de acá para allá
there were phone calls back and forth → se hicieron un montón de llamadas el uno al otro
back from the road → apartado de la carretera
stand back! → ¡atrás!
keep (well) back! (= out of danger) → ¡quédate ahí atrás!
keep back! (= don't come near me) → ¡no te acerques!
meanwhile, back in London/back at the airport → mientras, en Londres/en el aeropuerto
he little suspected how worried they were back at home → qué poco sospechaba lo preocupados que estaban en casa
back and forth → de acá para allá
to go back and forth [person] → ir de acá para allá
there were phone calls back and forth → se hicieron un montón de llamadas el uno al otro
back from the road → apartado de la carretera
2. (in time) some months back → hace unos meses
back in the 12th century → allá en el siglo XII
it all started back in 1980 → todo empezó ya en 1980 → todo empezó allá en 1980(liter)
I saw her back in August → la vi el agosto pasado
back in the 12th century → allá en el siglo XII
it all started back in 1980 → todo empezó ya en 1980 → todo empezó allá en 1980(liter)
I saw her back in August → la vi el agosto pasado
3. (= returned)
to be back → volver
when/what time will you be back? → ¿cuándo/a qué hora vuelves?, ¿cuándo/a qué hora estarás de vuelta?
he's not back yet → aún no ha vuelto, aún no está de vuelta
the electricity is back → ha vuelto la electricidad
black is back (in fashion) → vuelve(a estar de moda)el negro, se vuelve a llevar el negro
he went to Paris and back → fue a París y volvió
30 kilometres there and back → 30 kilómetros ida y vuelta
you can go there and back in a day → puedes ir y volver en un día
she's now back at work → ya ha vuelto al trabajo
the kids will be back at school tomorrow → los niños vuelven al colegio mañana
I'll be back by 6 → estaré de vuelta para las 6
I'd like it back → quiero que me lo devuelvan
full satisfaction or your money back → si no está totalmente satisfecho, le devolvemos el dinero
everything is back to normal → todo ha vuelto a la normalidad
I want it back → quiero que me lo devuelvan
see also hit back
to be back → volver
when/what time will you be back? → ¿cuándo/a qué hora vuelves?, ¿cuándo/a qué hora estarás de vuelta?
he's not back yet → aún no ha vuelto, aún no está de vuelta
the electricity is back → ha vuelto la electricidad
black is back (in fashion) → vuelve(a estar de moda)el negro, se vuelve a llevar el negro
he went to Paris and back → fue a París y volvió
30 kilometres there and back → 30 kilómetros ida y vuelta
you can go there and back in a day → puedes ir y volver en un día
she's now back at work → ya ha vuelto al trabajo
the kids will be back at school tomorrow → los niños vuelven al colegio mañana
I'll be back by 6 → estaré de vuelta para las 6
I'd like it back → quiero que me lo devuelvan
full satisfaction or your money back → si no está totalmente satisfecho, le devolvemos el dinero
everything is back to normal → todo ha vuelto a la normalidad
I want it back → quiero que me lo devuelvan
see also hit back
C. TRANSITIVE VERB
1. (= reverse) [+ vehicle] → dar marcha atrás a
she backed the car into the garage → entró el coche en el garaje dando marcha atrás
he backed the car into a wall → dio marcha atrás y chocó con un muro
she backed the car into the garage → entró el coche en el garaje dando marcha atrás
he backed the car into a wall → dio marcha atrás y chocó con un muro
2. (= support)
2.1. (also back up) [+ plan, person] → apoyar
they found a witness to back his claim → encontraron un testigo que apoyó lo que decía
they found a witness to back his claim → encontraron un testigo que apoyó lo que decía
2.2. (= finance) [+ person, enterprise] → financiar
2.3. (Mus) [+ singer] → acompañar
3. (= bet on) [+ horse] → apostar por
I'm backing Manchester to win → yo apuesto por que va a ganar el Manchester
to back the wrong horse (lit) → apostar por el caballo perdedor
Russia backed the wrong horse in him (fig) → Rusia se ha equivocado al apoyar a él
to back a winner (lit) → apostar por el ganador
he is confident that he's backing a winner (fig) (person) → está seguro de que está dando su apoyo a un ganador; (idea, project) → está seguro de que va a funcionar bien
I'm backing Manchester to win → yo apuesto por que va a ganar el Manchester
to back the wrong horse (lit) → apostar por el caballo perdedor
Russia backed the wrong horse in him (fig) → Rusia se ha equivocado al apoyar a él
to back a winner (lit) → apostar por el ganador
he is confident that he's backing a winner (fig) (person) → está seguro de que está dando su apoyo a un ganador; (idea, project) → está seguro de que va a funcionar bien
4. (= attach backing to) [+ rug, quilt] → forrar
D. INTRANSITIVE VERB
1. [person]
1.2. (= step backwards) → echarse hacia atrás, retroceder
he backed into a table → se echó hacia atrás y se dio con una mesa, retrocedió y se dio con una mesa
he backed into a table → se echó hacia atrás y se dio con una mesa, retrocedió y se dio con una mesa
E. ADJECTIVE
2. (= previous, overdue) [rent, tax, issue] → atrasado
F. COMPOUNDS back alley N → callejuela f (que recorre la parte de atrás de una hilera de casas)
back boiler N → caldera f pequeña(detrás de una chimenea)
back burner N → quemador m de detrás
to put sth on the back burner → posponer algo, dejar algo para más tarde
back catalogue N (Mus) → catálogo m de grabaciones discográficas
back copy N (Press) → número m atrasado
the back country N (US) → zona f rural(con muy baja densidad de población)
see also back-country back cover N → contraportada f
back door N → puerta f trasera
to do sth by or through the back door → hacer algo de forma encubierta
back formation N (Ling) → derivación f regresiva
back garden N (Brit) → jardín m trasero
back lot N (Cine) → exteriores mpl (del estudio); [of house, hotel, company premises] → solar m trasero
back marker N (Brit) (Sport) → competidor(a) m/f rezagado/a
back matter N [of book] → apéndices mpl
back number N [of magazine, newspaper] → número m atrasado
back page N → contraportada f
back pain N → dolor m de espalda, dolor m lumbar
back passage N (Brit) (euph) → recto m
back pay N → atrasos mpl
back rest N → respaldo m
back road N → carretera f comarcal, carretera f secundaria
back room N → cuarto m interior (fig) lugar donde se hacen investigaciones secretas
back seat N → asiento m trasero, asiento m de atrás
to take a back seat → mantenerse en un segundo plano
back somersault N → salto m mortal hacia atrás
back stop N (Sport) red que se coloca alrededor de una cancha para impedir que se escapen las pelotas
back talk N (US) = backchat back tooth N → muela f
back view N the back view of the hotel is very impressive → el hotel visto desde atrás es impresionante, la parte de atrás del hotel es impresionante
back vowel N (Ling) → vocal f posterior
back boiler N → caldera f pequeña(detrás de una chimenea)
back burner N → quemador m de detrás
to put sth on the back burner → posponer algo, dejar algo para más tarde
back catalogue N (Mus) → catálogo m de grabaciones discográficas
back copy N (Press) → número m atrasado
the back country N (US) → zona f rural(con muy baja densidad de población)
see also back-country back cover N → contraportada f
back door N → puerta f trasera
to do sth by or through the back door → hacer algo de forma encubierta
back formation N (Ling) → derivación f regresiva
back garden N (Brit) → jardín m trasero
back lot N (Cine) → exteriores mpl (del estudio); [of house, hotel, company premises] → solar m trasero
back marker N (Brit) (Sport) → competidor(a) m/f rezagado/a
back matter N [of book] → apéndices mpl
back number N [of magazine, newspaper] → número m atrasado
back page N → contraportada f
back pain N → dolor m de espalda, dolor m lumbar
back passage N (Brit) (euph) → recto m
back pay N → atrasos mpl
back rest N → respaldo m
back road N → carretera f comarcal, carretera f secundaria
back room N → cuarto m interior (fig) lugar donde se hacen investigaciones secretas
back seat N → asiento m trasero, asiento m de atrás
to take a back seat → mantenerse en un segundo plano
back somersault N → salto m mortal hacia atrás
back stop N (Sport) red que se coloca alrededor de una cancha para impedir que se escapen las pelotas
back talk N (US) = backchat back tooth N → muela f
back view N the back view of the hotel is very impressive → el hotel visto desde atrás es impresionante, la parte de atrás del hotel es impresionante
back vowel N (Ling) → vocal f posterior
back away VI + ADV
1. (lit) → retroceder (from ante)
2. (fig) (from promise, pledge, statement) → echarse atrás, dar marcha atrás (from en) the government have been backing away from making such a commitment → el gobierno ha estado tratando de evitar comprometerse a tal cosa
back down VI + ADV → echarse atrás, dar marcha atrás
to back down on sth → echarse atrás en algo, dar marcha atrás en algo
to back down on sth → echarse atrás en algo, dar marcha atrás en algo
back off VI + ADV (= stop exerting pressure) → echarse atrás, dar marcha atrás (from en) (= withdraw) → retirarse
back off! → ¡déjame en paz!, ¡déjame estar!
she asked him to back off and give her some space → le pidió que no le estuviera encima y la dejara respirar
the government has backed off from its decision → el gobierno se ha echado atrás or el gobierno ha dado marcha atrás en su decisión
back off! → ¡déjame en paz!, ¡déjame estar!
she asked him to back off and give her some space → le pidió que no le estuviera encima y la dejara respirar
the government has backed off from its decision → el gobierno se ha echado atrás or el gobierno ha dado marcha atrás en su decisión
back on to VI + PREP the house backs on to the golf course → por atrás la casa da al campo de golf
back out
A. VI + ADV
1. (lit) [vehicle, driver] → salir marcha atrás (of de) [person] → salir hacia atrás (of de)
2. (fig) [person] (of team) → retirarse (of de) (of deal, duty) → echarse atrás (of en) they are threatening to back out of the deal → amenazan con echarse atrás en el trato
B. VT + ADV [+ vehicle] → sacar marcha atrás
back up
A. VT + ADV
2. (= confirm) [+ claim, theory] → respaldar
3. (= reverse) [+ car] → dar marcha atrás a, hacer retroceder
4. (Comput) [+ file] → hacer una copia de seguridad or de reserva de
back [ˈbæk]
n
[person, animal] → dos m
to do sth behind sb's back → faire qch derrière le dos de qn
to turn one's back on sb/sth (= abandon) → tourner le dos à qn/qch
to have one's back to the wall, to have one's back against the wall (fig) → être au pied du mur, être le dos au mur
to break the back of a job (British) → faire le gros d'un travail
to get sb's back up (= annoy) → hérisser qn
to get off sb's back → ficher > la paix à qn
to be glad to see the back of sb (British) → être content(e) de voir partir qn
to do sth behind sb's back → faire qch derrière le dos de qn
to turn one's back on sb/sth (= abandon) → tourner le dos à qn/qch
to have one's back to the wall, to have one's back against the wall (fig) → être au pied du mur, être le dos au mur
to break the back of a job (British) → faire le gros d'un travail
to get sb's back up (= annoy) → hérisser qn
to get off sb's back → ficher > la paix à qn
to be glad to see the back of sb (British) → être content(e) de voir partir qn
[door] → dos m
[chair] → dossier m
The chair has no back → La chaise n'a pas de dossier.
to put one's coat on the back of a chair → mettre son manteau sur le dossier d'une chaise, mettre son manteau sur le dos d'une chaise
The chair has no back → La chaise n'a pas de dossier.
to put one's coat on the back of a chair → mettre son manteau sur le dossier d'une chaise, mettre son manteau sur le dos d'une chaise
(SPORT) (= defender) → arrière m
vt
(= support financially, fund) → soutenir financièrement
(= bet on) [+ horse] → parier sur, miser sur
to back the winner (lit) → miser sur le gagnant
to back the winner (fig) → miser sur le gagnant
to back the winner (lit) → miser sur le gagnant
to back the winner (fig) → miser sur le gagnant
(also back up) [+ car] → reculer
to back one's car into a parking space → garer sa voiture en marche arrière
to back one's car into a parking space → garer sa voiture en marche arrière
vi (also back up) (= move backwards) [person] → reculer; [car, vehicle] → faire marche arrière
adj
(not front) [legs, feet] → de derrière; [window, wall, row, entrance] → de derrière
back wheels [car] → roues fpl arrière
the back wheel of my bike → la roue arrière de mon vélo
back garden → jardin sur l'arrière
back wheels [car] → roues fpl arrière
the back wheel of my bike → la roue arrière de mon vélo
back garden → jardin sur l'arrière
adv
(= backwards)
Can you move back a little bit? → Pouvez-vous reculer un peu?
to tiptoe back → reculer sur la pointe des pieds
to creep back → reculer en rampant
see also fall back, hang back, step back, turn back
Can you move back a little bit? → Pouvez-vous reculer un peu?
to tiptoe back → reculer sur la pointe des pieds
to creep back → reculer en rampant
see also fall back, hang back, step back, turn back
(= returned) to be back
He's back → Il est rentré., Il est de retour.
He's not back yet → Il n'est pas encore rentré.
When will you be back? → Quand seras-tu de retour?
She will be back at work next week
BUT Elle retournera travailler la semaine prochaine.
to run back → revenir en courant
He ran back → Il est revenu en courant.
to walk back
We went there by bus and walked back → Nous y sommes allés en bus et nous sommes rentrés à pied.
He's back → Il est rentré., Il est de retour.
He's not back yet → Il n'est pas encore rentré.
When will you be back? → Quand seras-tu de retour?
She will be back at work next week
BUT Elle retournera travailler la semaine prochaine.
to run back → revenir en courant
He ran back → Il est revenu en courant.
to walk back
We went there by bus and walked back → Nous y sommes allés en bus et nous sommes rentrés à pied.
(restitution) to throw the ball back → renvoyer la balle
can I have it back? → je peux le ravoir?, tu peux me le rendre?
she passed the plate back to Carol → elle a redonné l'assiette à Carol
see also give back
can I have it back? → je peux le ravoir?, tu peux me le rendre?
she passed the plate back to Carol → elle a redonné l'assiette à Carol
see also give back
(= ago) back in 1980 → en 1980
The story starts back in 1950
BUT L'histoire remonte à 1950.
a few years back → il y a quelques années
back in the day → dans le temps
to back down on sth [+ plan, issue,demand] → se rétracter sur qch
The president tried to back down on what he had said → Le président a essayé de se rétracter sur ce qu'il avait dit.
The house backs on to the golf course → Le derrière de la maison donne sur le terrain de golf.
The story starts back in 1950
BUT L'histoire remonte à 1950.
a few years back → il y a quelques années
back in the day → dans le temps
back down
vi (= give way) → revenir sur sa positionto back down on sth [+ plan, issue,demand] → se rétracter sur qch
The president tried to back down on what he had said → Le président a essayé de se rétracter sur ce qu'il avait dit.
back on to
back onto vt fusThe house backs on to the golf course → Le derrière de la maison donne sur le terrain de golf.
back out
vi [driver, car] (of driveway, parking space) → sortir en marche arrière
(of promise, commitment, deal) → se désister
They promised to help us, and then backed out → Ils avaient promis de nous aider et ils se sont désistés.
to back out of sth [+ promise, commitment, deal] → se retirer de qch
They promised to help us, and then backed out → Ils avaient promis de nous aider et ils se sont désistés.
to back out of sth [+ promise, commitment, deal] → se retirer de qch
back up
vt sep (COMPUTING) [+ file, disk] → faire une copie de sauvegarde de
(= support) [+ person] → soutenir; [+ views, statement, theory, sb's words] → confirmer
If I say I was at your house, will you back me up? → Si je dis que j'étais chez toi, tu peux le confirmer?
If I say I was at your house, will you back me up? → Si je dis que j'étais chez toi, tu peux le confirmer?
[+ car] → reculer
back
back:
back:
back:
back:
back:
back:
n
(of person, animal, book) → Rücken m; (of chair) → (Rücken)lehne f; with one’s back to the engine (Brit) → mit dem Rücken zur Fahrtrichtung, rückwärts; to be on one’s back (= be ill) → auf der Nase liegen (inf), → krank sein; to wear one’s hair down one’s back → überschulterlange Haare haben; to break one’s back (lit) → sich (dat) → das Rückgrat brechen; (fig) → sich abrackern, sich abmühen; we’ve broken the back of the job (Brit) → wir sind mit der Arbeit über den Berg (inf); behind somebody’s back (fig) → hinter jds Rücken (dat); to put one’s back into something (fig) → sich bei etw anstrengen, bei etw Einsatz zeigen; to put or get somebody’s back up → jdn gegen sich aufbringen; to turn one’s back on somebody (lit) → jdm den Rücken zuwenden; (fig) → sich von jdm abwenden; when I needed him he turned his back on me → als ich ihn brauchte, ließ er mich im Stich; get these people off my back (inf) → schaff mir diese Leute vom Hals! (inf); get off my back! (inf) → lass mich endlich in Ruhe!; he’s got the boss on his back all the time → er hat dauernd seinen Chef auf dem Hals; the rich have always lived off the backs of the poor → die Reichen haben immer auf Kosten der Armen gelebt; to have one’s back to the wall (fig) → in die Enge getrieben sein/werden; I was pleased to see the back of them (inf) → ich war froh, sie endlich los zu sein (inf)
(as opposed to front) → Rück- or Hinterseite f; (of hand, dress) → Rücken m; (of house, page, coin, cheque) → Rückseite f; (of material) → linke Seite; I know London like the back of my hand → ich kenne London wie meine Westentasche; the index is at the back of the book → das Verzeichnis ist hinten im Buch; he drove into the back of me → er ist mir hinten reingefahren (inf); on the back of his hand → auf dem Handrücken; the back of one’s head → der Hinterkopf; at/on the back of the bus → hinten im/am Bus; in the back (of a car) → hinten (im Auto); one thing was at the back of my mind → ich hatte dabei eine Überlegung im Hinterkopf; there’s one other worry at the back of my mind → da ist noch etwas, das mich beschäftigt; right at the back of the cupboard → ganz hinten im Schrank; at the back of the stage → im Hintergrund der Bühne; at the back of the garage (inside) → hinten in der Garage; (outside) → hinter der Garage; at the back of beyond → am Ende der Welt, jwd (hum); in back (US) → hinten
(Ftbl) → Verteidiger(in) m(f); (Rugby) → Hinterspieler(in) m(f)
adv
(= returning) → zurück; to come/go back → zurückkommen/-gehen; to fly to London and back → nach London und zurück fliegen; there and back → hin und zurück
(= again) → wieder; he went back several times → er fuhr noch öfters wieder hin; I’ll never go back → da gehe ich nie wieder hin; she is back at work → sie arbeitet wieder; back in London → zurück in London
(= ago: in time phrases) a week back → vor einer Woche; as far back as the 18th century (= dating back) → bis ins 18. Jahrhundert zurück; (point in time) → schon im 18. Jahrhundert; back in March, 1987 → im März 1987; far back in the past → vor langer, langer Zeit, vor Urzeiten
prep (US) back of → hinter
vt
(= support) → unterstützen; I will back you whatever you do → egal was du tust, ich stehe hinter dir; if the bank won’t back us → wenn die Bank nicht mitmacht; to back a bill (Fin) → einen Wechsel indossieren
(Betting) → setzen or wetten auf (+acc); the horse was heavily backed → auf das Pferd wurden viele Wetten abgeschlossen
(= cause to move) car → zurückfahren or -setzen; cart → zurückfahren; horse → rückwärts gehen lassen; he backed his car into the tree/garage → er fuhr rückwärts gegen den Baum/in die Garage; to back water (Naut) → rückwärts rudern
(Mus) singer → begleiten
vi
(= move backwards: car, train) → zurücksetzen or -fahren; the car backed into the garage → das Auto fuhr rückwärts in die Garage; she backed into me → sie fuhr rückwärts in mein Auto
(Naut, wind) → drehen
back:
backache
n → Rückenschmerzen pl
back alley
n → Gasse f
back bench
backbencher
n (esp Brit) → Abgeordnete(r) mf (auf den hinteren Reihen im britischen Parlament)
back:
back bend
n (Sport) → Brücke f
backbiting
n → Lästern nt
backboard
n (Basketball) → Korbbrett nt
back boiler
n → Warmwasserboiler m (hinter der Heizung angebracht)
backbone
n (lit, fig) → Rückgrat nt
backbreaking
adj → erschöpfend, ermüdend
back burner
n (lit) → hintere Kochplatte; to put something on the back (fig inf) → etw zurückstellen; this project’s been on the back for years → an diesem Projekt wird seit Jahren nur so nebenbei gearbeitet
backcloth
n → Prospekt m, → Hintergrund m
backcomb
vt hair → toupieren
back country, backcountry (US)
n the back → das Hinterland, die tiefste Provinz
back cover
n (of book, magazine) → Rückseite f
backdate
back door
n (lit) → Hintertür f; (fig) → Hintertürchen nt; by the back (fig) → durch die Hintertür; if you use the back-door means of doing it → wenn Sie das durchs Hintertürchen machen
backdrop
n → Prospekt m, → Hintergrund m (also fig)
back:
backfire
n
(Aut) → Fehlzündung f
(US) → Gegenfeuer nt
vi
(Aut) → Fehlzündungen haben
back-flip
n → Flickflack m
back formation
n (Ling) → Rückbildung f
back four
n (+pl vb) (Ftbl) → Viererkette f
backgammon
n → Backgammon nt
back garden
n → Garten m → (hinterm Haus)
back:
backhand
adj → Rückhand-; back stroke → Rückhandschlag m
adv → mit der Rückhand
backhanded
backhander
n
(Sport) → Rückhandschlag m
back-heel
n → Hackentrick m, → Absatztrick m
back:
backlash
n
(fig) → Gegenreaktion f
backless
adj dress → rückenfrei
backlist
n (in publishing) → Backlist f
back-lit
adj screen, photograph → hintergrundbeleuchtet
backlog
n → Rückstände pl; I have a back of work → ich bin mit der Arbeit im Rückstand; look at this back of typing → sehen Sie sich diesen Berg unerledigter Schreibarbeiten an
backlot
n (Film) Hintergelände eines Filmstudios
back marker
backmost
adj → hinterste(r, s)
back number
n (of paper) → alte Ausgabe or Nummer; (fig inf) (= person) → altmodischer Mensch; (= thing) → veraltetes Ding; he is a back (inf) → er ist altmodisch
backpack
n → Rucksack m
backpacker
backpacking
back passage
n (euph Anat) → Mastdarm m
back pay
n → Nachzahlung f
back-pedal
back-pedal brake
n → Rücktrittbremse f
back pocket
n → Gesäßtasche f
back projection
n (Film) → Rückprojektion f
back rest
n → Rückenstütze f
back road
n → kleine Landstraße
back room
n → Hinterzimmer nt
back-room boy
n (inf) → Experte m → im Hintergrund
backscratching
n no pl → gegenseitige Begünstigung, Vetternwirtschaft f (pej)
back seat
back-seat driver
back shift
n → Spätschicht f
backside
n (Brit inf) → Hintern m (inf), → Hinterteil nt (inf)
back-slapping
n (inf) → Schulterklopfen nt
backslash
n (Typ, Comput) → Backslash m
backslide
vi (fig) → rückfällig werden; (Eccl) → abtrünnig werden
backslider
n → Rückfällige(r) mf, → Abtrünnige(r) mf
backspace
vti (Typing) → zurücksetzen
backspace key
n → Rücktaste f
backspacer
n (Typing) → Rücktaste f
backstage
backstairs
n sing → Hintertreppe f
adj back deal → Hintertreppendeal m
backstitch
n → Steppstich m
backstop
n (Tennis) → Bande f
back straight
n (Sport) → Gegengerade f
backstreet
backstreet abortion
n → illegale Abtreibung; backs → Engelmacherei f (inf); she had a back → sie war bei einem Engelmacher (inf)
backstreet abortionist
n → Engelmacher(in) m(f) (inf)
backstretch
n (Sport) → Gegengerade f
backstroke
backswing
n (Sport) → Durchschwung m
backtalk
n → Widerrede f
back to back
adv → Rücken an Rücken; (things) → mit den Rückseiten aneinander
back-to-back
adj → direkt aufeinanderfolgend attr
back to front
adv → verkehrt herum; read → von hinten nach vorne
back tooth
n → Backenzahn m
backtrack
vi (over ground) → denselben Weg zurückgehen or zurückverfolgen; (on policy etc) → einen Rückzieher machen (on sth bei etw)
backup
n
→ Unterstützung f
adj
services → zur Unterstützung; back troops → Unterstützungstruppen pl; back train/plane → Entlastungszug m → /-flugzeug nt; back plan → Ausweichplan m; back staff → Reservekräfte pl; back service (for customer) → Kundendienst m
back-up light
n (US Aut) → Rückfahrscheinwerfer m
back:
backwash
n (Naut) → Rückströmung f; (fig) → Nachwirkung f usu pl; those caught up in the back of the scandal → diejenigen, die in den Skandal mit hineingezogen wurden
backwater
n (lit) → Stauwasser nt, → totes Wasser; (fig) → rückständiges Nest; this town is a cultural back → kulturell (gesehen) ist diese Stadt tiefste Provinz
backwoods
pl → unterschlossene (Wald)gebiete pl
backwoodsman
n → Waldsiedler m; (fig inf) → Hinterwäldler m
back [bæk]
back [bæk]
1. n
a. (of person) → schiena; (of animal) → dorso, schiena
he fell on his back → è caduto di schiena
with one's back to the light → con la luce alle spalle
seen from the back → visto/a di spalle
back to back → di spalle (uno/a contro l'altro/a), schiena contro schiena
behind sb's back → alle spalle di qn (fig) → alle spalle or dietro le spalle di qn
to break one's back → rompersi la schiena
to break the back of a job (Brit) → fare il grosso or il peggio di un lavoro
to put one's back into it (fam) → mettercela tutta
to have one's back to the wall (fig) → essere or trovarsi con le spalle al muro
to put sb's back up (fam) → far irritare qn
to get off sb's back (fam) → lasciare qn in pace
I was glad to see the back of him (fam) → ero contento che se ne fosse andato
he fell on his back → è caduto di schiena
with one's back to the light → con la luce alle spalle
seen from the back → visto/a di spalle
back to back → di spalle (uno/a contro l'altro/a), schiena contro schiena
behind sb's back → alle spalle di qn (fig) → alle spalle or dietro le spalle di qn
to break one's back → rompersi la schiena
to break the back of a job (Brit) → fare il grosso or il peggio di un lavoro
to put one's back into it (fam) → mettercela tutta
to have one's back to the wall (fig) → essere or trovarsi con le spalle al muro
to put sb's back up (fam) → far irritare qn
to get off sb's back (fam) → lasciare qn in pace
I was glad to see the back of him (fam) → ero contento che se ne fosse andato
b. (as opposed to front) → dietro; (of cheque, envelope, medal, page) → retro, rovescio; (of head) → nuca; (of hand) → dorso; (of hall, room) → fondo; (of house, car) → parte f posteriore, dietro; (of chair) → spalliera, schienale m; (of train) → coda
at the back of the class → in fondo alla classe
back to front → all'incontrario
at the back of my mind was the thought that ... → sotto sotto pensavo che...
it's always there at the back of my mind → è sempre lì, non riesco a togliermelo dalla mente
I know Naples like the back of my hand → conosco Napoli come il palmo della mia mano or come le mie tasche
at the back of beyond (fam) → in capo al mondo
he's at the back of all this → c'è lui dietro a questa storia
at the back of the class → in fondo alla classe
back to front → all'incontrario
at the back of my mind was the thought that ... → sotto sotto pensavo che...
it's always there at the back of my mind → è sempre lì, non riesco a togliermelo dalla mente
I know Naples like the back of my hand → conosco Napoli come il palmo della mia mano or come le mie tasche
at the back of beyond (fam) → in capo al mondo
he's at the back of all this → c'è lui dietro a questa storia
2. adj attr
a. (rear) → di dietro; (wheel, seat) → posteriore
back pass (Ftbl) → passaggio indietro
back garden/room → giardino/stanza sul retro (della casa)
back cover → retro della copertina
back kitchen → retrocucina m
on the back page → in ultima pagina
to take a back seat (fig) → restare in secondo piano
he's a back seat driver → sta sempre a criticare chi guida
back street → vicolo
he grew up in the back streets of Glasgow → è cresciuto nei bassifondi di Glasgow
back pass (Ftbl) → passaggio indietro
back garden/room → giardino/stanza sul retro (della casa)
back cover → retro della copertina
back kitchen → retrocucina m
on the back page → in ultima pagina
to take a back seat (fig) → restare in secondo piano
he's a back seat driver → sta sempre a criticare chi guida
back street → vicolo
he grew up in the back streets of Glasgow → è cresciuto nei bassifondi di Glasgow
3. adv
a. (again, returning) often ri- +verb to give back → ridare
to be back → essere tornato/a
when will you be back? → quando torni?
30 km there and back → 30 km fra andata e ritorno
put it back on the shelf → rimettilo sullo scaffale
she hit him back → gli restituì il colpo
throw the ball back → rilancia la palla
he called back → ha richiamato
can I have it back? → posso riaverlo?
he ran back → tornò indietro di corsa
to be back → essere tornato/a
when will you be back? → quando torni?
30 km there and back → 30 km fra andata e ritorno
put it back on the shelf → rimettilo sullo scaffale
she hit him back → gli restituì il colpo
throw the ball back → rilancia la palla
he called back → ha richiamato
can I have it back? → posso riaverlo?
he ran back → tornò indietro di corsa
b. (in distance) → indietro
stand back! → indietro!
back and forth → avanti e indietro
a house set back from the road → una casa che non si affaccia sulla strada
stand back! → indietro!
back and forth → avanti e indietro
a house set back from the road → una casa che non si affaccia sulla strada
4. vt
a. (car) to back (into) → far entrare a marcia indietro (in)
b. (support, plan, person, candidate) → appoggiare, sostenere, spalleggiare; (financially) → finanziare
c. (bet on, horse) → puntare su
5. vi (move, person) → indietreggiare; (car) → fare marcia indietro
he backed into me → ha fatto un passo indietro e mi è venuto addosso (in car) → mi è venuto addosso a marcia indietro
he backed into me → ha fatto un passo indietro e mi è venuto addosso (in car) → mi è venuto addosso a marcia indietro
back away vi + adv to back away (from) → indietreggiare (davanti a), tirarsi indietro (davanti a)
back down vi + adv (fig) → abbandonare, arrendersi, fare marcia indietro
back off vi + adv → tirarsi indietro
back on to vi + adv + prep the house backs on to the golf course → il retro della casa dà sul campo da golf
back out vi + adv (fig) → tirarsi indietro
to back out of sth (undertaking) → sottrarsi a; (deal) → ritirarsi da
to back out of sth (undertaking) → sottrarsi a; (deal) → ritirarsi da
back up
1. vt + adv
a. (support, person) → appoggiare, sostenere; (claim, theory) → confermare, avvalorare
b. (car) to back the car up → far marcia indietro
c. (Comput) → copiare, fare una copia di riserva di
2. vi + adv
a. (in car) → fare marcia indietro
b. (Am) (traffic) → ingorgarsi
back [bæk]
1. n
a. (of person) → schiena; (of animal) → dorso, schiena
he fell on his back → è caduto di schiena
with one's back to the light → con la luce alle spalle
seen from the back → visto/a di spalle
back to back → di spalle (uno/a contro l'altro/a), schiena contro schiena
behind sb's back → alle spalle di qn (fig) → alle spalle or dietro le spalle di qn
to break one's back → rompersi la schiena
to break the back of a job (Brit) → fare il grosso or il peggio di un lavoro
to put one's back into it (fam) → mettercela tutta
to have one's back to the wall (fig) → essere or trovarsi con le spalle al muro
to put sb's back up (fam) → far irritare qn
to get off sb's back (fam) → lasciare qn in pace
I was glad to see the back of him (fam) → ero contento che se ne fosse andato
he fell on his back → è caduto di schiena
with one's back to the light → con la luce alle spalle
seen from the back → visto/a di spalle
back to back → di spalle (uno/a contro l'altro/a), schiena contro schiena
behind sb's back → alle spalle di qn (fig) → alle spalle or dietro le spalle di qn
to break one's back → rompersi la schiena
to break the back of a job (Brit) → fare il grosso or il peggio di un lavoro
to put one's back into it (fam) → mettercela tutta
to have one's back to the wall (fig) → essere or trovarsi con le spalle al muro
to put sb's back up (fam) → far irritare qn
to get off sb's back (fam) → lasciare qn in pace
I was glad to see the back of him (fam) → ero contento che se ne fosse andato
b. (as opposed to front) → dietro; (of cheque, envelope, medal, page) → retro, rovescio; (of head) → nuca; (of hand) → dorso; (of hall, room) → fondo; (of house, car) → parte f posteriore, dietro; (of chair) → spalliera, schienale m; (of train) → coda
at the back of the class → in fondo alla classe
back to front → all'incontrario
at the back of my mind was the thought that ... → sotto sotto pensavo che...
it's always there at the back of my mind → è sempre lì, non riesco a togliermelo dalla mente
I know Naples like the back of my hand → conosco Napoli come il palmo della mia mano or come le mie tasche
at the back of beyond (fam) → in capo al mondo
he's at the back of all this → c'è lui dietro a questa storia
at the back of the class → in fondo alla classe
back to front → all'incontrario
at the back of my mind was the thought that ... → sotto sotto pensavo che...
it's always there at the back of my mind → è sempre lì, non riesco a togliermelo dalla mente
I know Naples like the back of my hand → conosco Napoli come il palmo della mia mano or come le mie tasche
at the back of beyond (fam) → in capo al mondo
he's at the back of all this → c'è lui dietro a questa storia
2. adj attr
a. (rear) → di dietro; (wheel, seat) → posteriore
back pass (Ftbl) → passaggio indietro
back garden/room → giardino/stanza sul retro (della casa)
back cover → retro della copertina
back kitchen → retrocucina m
on the back page → in ultima pagina
to take a back seat (fig) → restare in secondo piano
he's a back seat driver → sta sempre a criticare chi guida
back street → vicolo
he grew up in the back streets of Glasgow → è cresciuto nei bassifondi di Glasgow
back pass (Ftbl) → passaggio indietro
back garden/room → giardino/stanza sul retro (della casa)
back cover → retro della copertina
back kitchen → retrocucina m
on the back page → in ultima pagina
to take a back seat (fig) → restare in secondo piano
he's a back seat driver → sta sempre a criticare chi guida
back street → vicolo
he grew up in the back streets of Glasgow → è cresciuto nei bassifondi di Glasgow
3. adv
a. (again, returning) often ri- +verb to give back → ridare
to be back → essere tornato/a
when will you be back? → quando torni?
30 km there and back → 30 km fra andata e ritorno
put it back on the shelf → rimettilo sullo scaffale
she hit him back → gli restituì il colpo
throw the ball back → rilancia la palla
he called back → ha richiamato
can I have it back? → posso riaverlo?
he ran back → tornò indietro di corsa
to be back → essere tornato/a
when will you be back? → quando torni?
30 km there and back → 30 km fra andata e ritorno
put it back on the shelf → rimettilo sullo scaffale
she hit him back → gli restituì il colpo
throw the ball back → rilancia la palla
he called back → ha richiamato
can I have it back? → posso riaverlo?
he ran back → tornò indietro di corsa
b. (in distance) → indietro
stand back! → indietro!
back and forth → avanti e indietro
a house set back from the road → una casa che non si affaccia sulla strada
stand back! → indietro!
back and forth → avanti e indietro
a house set back from the road → una casa che non si affaccia sulla strada
4. vt
a. (car) to back (into) → far entrare a marcia indietro (in)
b. (support, plan, person, candidate) → appoggiare, sostenere, spalleggiare; (financially) → finanziare
c. (bet on, horse) → puntare su
5. vi (move, person) → indietreggiare; (car) → fare marcia indietro
he backed into me → ha fatto un passo indietro e mi è venuto addosso (in car) → mi è venuto addosso a marcia indietro
he backed into me → ha fatto un passo indietro e mi è venuto addosso (in car) → mi è venuto addosso a marcia indietro
back away vi + adv to back away (from) → indietreggiare (davanti a), tirarsi indietro (davanti a)
back down vi + adv (fig) → abbandonare, arrendersi, fare marcia indietro
back off vi + adv → tirarsi indietro
back on to vi + adv + prep the house backs on to the golf course → il retro della casa dà sul campo da golf
back out vi + adv (fig) → tirarsi indietro
to back out of sth (undertaking) → sottrarsi a; (deal) → ritirarsi da
to back out of sth (undertaking) → sottrarsi a; (deal) → ritirarsi da
back up
1. vt + adv
a. (support, person) → appoggiare, sostenere; (claim, theory) → confermare, avvalorare
b. (car) to back the car up → far marcia indietro
c. (Comput) → copiare, fare una copia di riserva di
2. vi + adv
a. (in car) → fare marcia indietro
b. (Am) (traffic) → ingorgarsi
n back [bӕk]
1 in man, the part of the body from the neck to the bottom of the spine She lay on her back. rug ظَهْر гръб záda ryg der Rücken πλάτη espalda selg پشت؛ کمر selkä dos גַּב पीठ leđa hát punggung bak, hryggur schiena 背中 (사람의) 등 nugara mugura belakang rug rygg plecy costas spate спина chrbát hrbet leđa rygg หลัง sırt, arka （人）背部 спина کمر، پُشت cái lưng （人）背部
2 in animals, the upper part of the body She put the saddle on the horse's back. rug ظَهْرالحَيَوان гръб hřbet ryg der Rücken ράχη (για ζώο) lomo selg پشت selkä dos גַּב पिछला हिस्सा leđa hát punggung bak, hryggur dorso 背 (동물의) 등 nugara mugura belakang rug rygg grzbiet dorso spate спина chrbát hrbet leđa rygg หลัง sırt, arka （動物）背部 спина پیٹھ lưng động vật （动物）背部，后面
3 that part of anything opposite to or furthest from the front the back of the house; She sat at the back of the hall. agterkant ظَهْر، الجِهَة الخَلفِيَّه задна част zadní část bagside; bagerste del die Rückseite πίσω μέρος parte trasera, fondo tagaosa پشت؛ عقب takaosa arrière צַד אֲחוֹרִי, גַּב पिछला हिस्सा stražnji dio hátulja bagian belakang bakatil, bakhlið, aftari eða fjarlægari hluti fondo, parte posteriore うしろ 뒤쪽 užpakalis, galas otrā puse; aizmugure belakang achterkant bakside, bakerste del tył traseiras spate; fund задняя часть zadná časť hrbtna stran, zadnji del stražnji deo på baksidan, längst bak (in) ด้านหลัง arka, arka taraf 背面 тил پیچھے đằng sau 背面
4 in football, hockey etc a player who plays behind the forwards. agterspeler دِفاع، ظَهير защитник obránce back der/die Verteidiger/-in οπισθοφύλακας, αμυντικός (π.χ. στο ποδόσφαιρο) defensa kaitsja بازیکن عقب؛ دفاع puolustaja arrière מָגֶן फारवर्ड के पीछे खेलने वाला bek hátvéd pemain belakang bakvörður difensore, terzino 後衛 (풋볼, 하키 등의) 백 gynėjas aizsargs (futbolā u.tml.) bek achterspeler back pomocnik defesa защитник obranca branilec bek back กองหลัง bek （足球等的）後衛 захисник у футболі بیک ، پُشتی hậu vệ （足球等的）后卫
adj
of or at the back the back door. agterste خَلفي заден zadní bag- rückwärtig οπίσθιος de detrás, trasero taga-, selja- عقبی؛ پشتی taka- de derrière גַבִּי पीछे का stražnji hátsó belakang aftur-, bak- posteriore うしろの 뒤쪽의 užpakalinis aizmugures; pakaļējais belakang achter- bak-, bakre; rygg- tylny traseiro din spate задний zadný zadnji stražnji bak-, bakre ข้างหลัง arka, arkada, arkadaki 後面的 задній پچھلا đằng sau 后面的
adv
1 to, or at, the place or person from which a person or thing came I went back to the shop; He gave the car back to its owner. terug إلى обратно zpátky, nazpět tilbage zurück πίσω, στην αρχική θέση) de vuelta tagasi بازگشتن؛ پس دادن takaisin de retour חֲזָרָה वापस natrag hátra, vissza kembali til baka, aftur indietro もとへ 제자리에 atgal atpakaļ semula terug tilbake, igjen z powrotem de volta înapoi обратно, назад späť, naspäť nazaj nazad tillbaka กลับคืน geri, geriye 回原處 назад واپس trở lại 回原处
2 away (from something); not near (something) Move back! Let the ambulance get to the injured man; Keep back from me or I'll hit you! terug, terugwaarts بَعيدا отдалечено zpět, pryč, dál tilbage; væk zurück μακριά hacia atrás, para atrás eemale, eemal عقب؛ کنار poissa en arrière לְאָחוֹר, אָחוֹרָה पीछेकीओर dalje hátrafelé, el- mundur aftur, frá indietro 離れて 멀리에 tolyn, šalin sāņus jauh achteruit bakover, vekk daleko, dalej para trás înapoi; la o parte назад; подальше preč, ďalej stran unazad tillbaka, bakåt, undan ถอยหลัง uzakta, geride, arkada 退開 осторонь, віддалік پرے، دور cách xa 向后
3 towards the back (of something) Sit back in your chair. agteroor, terug إلى الخَلْف назад dozadu tilbage zurück προς τα πίσω hacia atrás, para atrás tahapoole به عقب takaosassa en arrière לְאָחוֹר, אָחוֹרָה नियंत्रण में natrag hátrafelé menyandar aftur (í) indietro 奥深く 뒤로 arti atramos [] pret di achteruit tilbake do tyłu para trás jos откинувшись назад dozadu zadaj nazad bakåt, tillbaka พิงหลัง gerisine, arkasına 往後 до спинки (стільця) کسی چیز کے پیچھے quay trở lại 向后
4 in return; in response to When the teacher is scolding you, don't answer back. terug بِالمُقابِل، كَرَدِّ فِعْل обратно v odpověď igen zurück πίσω (δηλ. ως απάντηση ή ανταπόδοση) de vuelta tagasi, vastu در پاسخ به؛ در مقابل vastauksena en retour בַּחֲזָרָה पहले natrag vissza melawan til baka, á móti indietro; (rispondere) 返して 회답으로 atsilygindamas, atsikirsdamas, atgal [] pretī balas terug igjen w odpowiedzi, z powrotem de volta în schimb; înapoi в ответ odpovedať, odvrávať nazaj zauzvrat emot, tillbaka ย้อนกลับ karşılık olarak, cevap olarak 回覆 у відповідь جواباً phản ứng lại 答复
5 to, or in, the past Think back to your childhood. terug إلى الوَراء назад zpět (do minulosti) tilbage til zurück στο παρελθόν atrás tagasi به یا در گذشته menneisyydessä en arrière לִפְנֵי, אֲחוֹרָה पीछे unatrag vissza ke masa lampau aftur (til) indietro さかのぼって 옛날에 į praeitį, praeityje pirms; agrāk ke terug tilbake til w przeszłość para trás înapoi (тому) назад späť (do minulosti) nazaj u prošlosti tillbaka, bakåt ย้อนหลัง geçmişe, önce, geriye 回溯 в минулому گذشتہ nghĩ lại 回溯
v
1 to (cause to) move backwards He backed (his car) out of the garage. terug beweeg, agteruit beweeg يُعيد الى الخَلْف връщам (vy)couvat bakke (sich) rückwärts bewegen κινούμαι προς τα πίσω dar marcha atrás, mover hacia atrás tagurdama عقب عقب رفتن peruuttaa faire marche arrière לִנְסוֹע לְאָחוֹר पीछे होना voziti prema natrag tolat memundurkan bakka fare marcia indietro うしろへさがる 뒤로 움직이다 eiti/važiuoti atbulom, varyti atgal braukt atpakaļgaitā berundur ke belakang achteruitrijden rygge cofać recuar a da înapoi, a merge în marşarier давать задний ход (vy)cúvať vzvratno peljati voziti unazad backa ถอยหลัง geri geri gitmek, gerilemek 倒退 іти заднім ходом پیچھے ہونا، پیچھے کرنا lùi 倒退
2 to help or support Will you back me against the others? ondersteun يُؤَيِّد، يَدْعَم подпомагам podpořit støtte unterstützen, Rückhalt bieten υποστηρίζω apoyar toetama پشتیبانی کردن tukea soutenir לִתְמוֹך, לְגַבּוֹת समर्थन देना poduprijeti támogat mendukung styðja (við bakið á) sostenere 指示する 돕다 palaikyti, remti atbalstīt sokong steunen støtte; bakke opp popierać apoiar a susţine поддерживать podporiť podpreti podržati backa upp, hjälpa หนุนหลัง desteklemek, arkalamak, arka çıkmak 支持 підтримувати پشت پناہی کرنا ủng hộ 支持
3 to bet or gamble on I backed your horse to win. wed op يُراهِن عَلى залагам на vsadit si (na něco) satse (penge) på; holde på setzen auf στοιχηματίζω apostar a kihla vedama شرط بستن روی lyödä vetoa miser sur לְהָמֵר עַל सहारा देना kladiti se fogad vmire bertaruh veðja (á) puntare 賭ける 돈을 걸다 lažintis, statyti sumą derēt mempertaruhkan wedden op satse (penger) på, holde på stawiać na apostar a miza pe, a pune pariu pe держать пари staviť (na) staviti na kladiti se na hålla (spela, satsa) på วางเดิมพัน bahse girmek 打賭或下賭注 побитися об заклад حمایت کرنا đánh cuộc 下赌注在...上
n backer
a person who supports someone or something, especially with money the backer of the new theatre. borg, ondersteuner مُؤيِّد، داعِم، مُناصِر поддръжник mecenáš, -ka, příznivec, -kyně støtte der Förderer υποστηρικτής, χρηματοδότης financiador, patrocinador toetaja حامی؛ پشتیبان tukija commanditaire תּוֹמֵך सहारादेनेवाला podupiratelj támogató sponsor stuðningsmaður sostenitore 後援者 후원자 rėmėjas atbalstītājs penyokong sponsor støttespiller; en som vedder sponsor financiador sponsor, susţinător спонсор podporovateľ, -ka podpornik finansijer hjälpare, uppbackare ผู้หนุนหลัง destekçi, hami, finansör 贊助人，支持者 той, хто допомагає комусь, субсидує кого پشت پناہ người ủng hộ 赞助人，支持者
v backbite
to criticize a person when he is not present. beskinner يَنْتَقِد، يَغْتاب клеветя pomlouvat bagtale verleumden, tratschen κακολογώ κπ. πίσω από την πλάτη του hablar mal, criticar por la espalda taga rääkima غیبت کردن puhua selän takana médire de לְהַשׁמִיץ पीठ पीछे निंदा करना ocrniti, ogovarati fúr vkit memfitnah, mengritik di belakang baknaga, rægja sparlare, fare maldicenze 陰口をきく 험담을 하다 apkalbėti apmelot; celt neslavu mengumpat roddelen baktale, baksnakke obmawiać criticar a bârfi злословить ohovárať obrekovati klevetati baktala ลอบกัด birinin arkasından çekiştirmek 背後批評 лихословити (про відсутнього) غیبت کرنا ، چغلی کھانا nói xấu sau lưng 背后说（人）坏话
n backbiting
Constant backbiting by her colleagues led to her resignation. beskinnerdery إنتِقاد، اغتِياب клеветене pomluva bagtalelse die Verleumdung, das Tuscheln κακόβουλος σχολιασμός που γίνεται πίσω από την πλάτη κπ. murmuración, crítica por la espalda tagarääkimine غیبت selän takana puhuminen médisance הַשׁמָצָה चिगल खोरी ogovaranje fúrás fitnahan, kritik di belakang baknag, rógburður maldicenza 中傷 험담 apkalbėjimas apmelošana; neslavas celšana cercaan roddel baksnakking obmawianie maledicência bârfe злословие ohováranie obrekovanje kleveta förtal การลอบกัด çekiştirme 背後中傷 лихослів'я (про відсутнього) غیبت، چغلی sự nói xấu sau lưng 诽谤
n backbone
1 the spine the backbone of a fish. graat العَمود الفَقَري гръбнак páteř rygrad das Rückgrat σπονδυλική στήλη, ραχοκοκαλιά espina dorsal selgroog ستون فقرات selkäranka colonne vertébrale, épine dorsale עֲמוּד שִׁדְרָה रीढ की हड्डी kralježnica hátgerinc tulang punggung hryggur spina dorsale, colonna vertebrale 背骨 척추 nugarkaulis mugurkauls tulang belakang ruggegraat ryggrad kręgosłup espinha coloană vertebrală, şira spinării позвоночник chrbtica hrbtenica kičma ryggrad กระดูกสันหลัง omurga, belkemiği 背脊 спинний хребет ریڑھ کی ہڈی xương sống 脊骨
2 the chief support The older employees are the backbone of the industry. ruggraat الأساس، الأساس، الجُزء الأَهَـم гръбнак opora rygrad das Rückgrat το κύριο τμήμα, η ραχοκοκαλιά (μτφ.) piedra angular, sostén alustala ستون اصلی tukiranka pivot עָמוּד הַתָּווֶך oslonac gerince vminek pendukung utama uppistaða, meginstoð spina dorsale 主力 중추 pagrindinis ramstis pamats; būtība tunggak ruggegraat ryggrad podpora apoio pilon, temelie главная опора opora steber potpora ryggrad เสาหลัก belkemiği, temel, esas 主要支柱 головна опора بڑا سہارا trụ cột 主要支柱
adj backbreaking
(of a task etc) very difficult or requiring very hard work Digging the garden is a backbreaking job. uitputtend قاصِم للظَّهْر много изморителен vyčerpávající opslidende erschöpfend εξαντλητικός, εξαιρετικά κοπιώδης deslomador, pesado kontimurdev شاق؛ کمرشکن raskas éreintant מְפָרֵך težak kimerítő berat sekali, sangat melelahkan lÿjandi, erfiður massacrante 骨の折れる 매우 힘든 varginantis, alinantis mokošs; smags (par darbu) berat zwaar slitsom wyczerpujący pesado istovitor изнурительный vyčerpávajúci utrudljiv iscrpljujući hård, slitsam ต้องใช้ความพยายามอย่างมาก çok zor, çok yorucu 繁重的，累人的 виснажливий تھکا دینے والا ، کمر توڑ mệt mỏi 非常辛劳的
v backˈdate
1 to put an earlier date on (a cheque etc) He should have paid his bill last month and so he has backdated the cheque. agternadateer يُؤَرِّخ بِتاريخ سابِق слагам по-раншна дата antedatovat tilbagedatere; baguddatere zurückdatieren βάζω σε ένα έγγραφο ημερομηνία προγενέστερη από την αληθινή antedatar (tšekile) varasemat kuupäeva kirjutama به تاریخ گذشته چک نوشتن aikaistaa antidater לִקְבּוֹע מוֹעֵד מוּקדַם יוֹתֵר पीछली तारीख antedatirati antedatál memundurkan tanggal dagsetja aftur í tíma retrodatare 日付をさかのぼらせる 이전의 날짜로 하다 rašyti atgaline data rakstīt atpakaļejošu datumu mengundurkan antedateren sette en tidligere dato, antedatere antydatować antedatar a antedata помечать задним числом antedatovať antedatirati antidatirati ลงวันที่ก่อนวันจริง ön günlemek, daha önceki bir tarihi atmak 在(支票)上填上先前的日期 датувати заднім числом گذشتہ تاریخ ڈالنا ghi lùi ngày 在（支票）上书写更早的日期
2 to make payable from a date in the past Our rise in pay was backdated to April. terugwerkend instel يَجْعَل لهُ مَفْعولا رجْعِيّـاا позовлявам плащане със задна дата se zpětnou platností give tilbagevirkende kraft zurückdatieren δίνω αναδρομική ισχύ antedatar tagasiulatuvalt kehtestama از تاریخ گذشته قابل پرداخت محسوب کردن saattaa takautuvasti voimaan payer rétroactivement לְהַקדִים מוֹעֵד תְחוּלָתוֹ antedatirati visszamenőleg fizet berlaku surut greiða afturvirkt retrodatare さかのぼって適用する 소급시키다 skaičiuoti nuo atgalinės datos skaitīt ar atpakaļejošu datumu mengundurkan met terugwerkende kracht laten ingaan gi tilbakevirkende kraft wyrównać ser retroactivo a plăti retroactiv проводить задним числом so spätnou platnosťou veljati za nazaj antidatirati ge retroaktiv verkan จ่ายชำระย้อนหลัง geçmişi kapsamak, geriye dönük olmak 從過去某個時點開始支付 проводити заднім числом گذشتہ تاریخ سے bắt đầu tính từ 自过去某时起支付
v backˈfire
1 (of a motor-car etc) to make a loud bang because of unburnt gases in the exhaust system The car backfired. kets يَشْتَعِل قبْل الأوان гръмвам zpětný zážeh knalde; smælde fehlzünden εκπυρσοκροτώ (π.χ. για εξάτμιση αυτοκινήτου) petardear tagasilööki andma پس زدن؛ احتراق ناقص palaa pakoputkessa avoir un retour de flamme פִּיצוּץ שֶׁל הָצָתָה מוּקדֶמֶת בְּמכוֹנִית उल्टी प्रतिक्रिया होना prerano paliti motor visszagyújt meledak-ledak miskveikja, sprengja fare un ritorno di fiamma 逆火を起こす 역화를 일으키다 sproginėti plaukšķēt meletup-letup terugslaan slå tilbake strzelić z tłumika estoirar a da rateuri давать обратную вспышку mať spätný zápal pokati (iz izpušne cevi) loše paljenje baktända ระเบิดถัง erken ateşleme yapmak (汽車引擎)回火 бахнути, стріляти دھماکہ خیز آواز پیدا کرنا nổ sớm （汽车）回火
2 (of a plan etc) to have unexpected results, often opposite to the intended results His scheme backfired (on him), and he lost money. misluk يُعْطي عَكْس النتائِج المرجُوّه давам обратен/неочакван/нежелан резултат selhat, ztroskotat give bagslag fehlschlagen έχω απρόσμενα ή αντίθετα αποτελέσματα από αυτά που περίμενα salir el tiro por la culata vastupidiseid tulemusi andma نتیجه معکوس دادن epäonnistua échouer לִפְעוֹל כְּבּוּמֶרַנג उल्टी प्रतिक्रिया होना izjaloviti se visszafelé sül el menjadi bumerang hafa öfug áhrif (við tilætluð) ritorcersi contro やぶへびになる 빗나가다 duoti nelauktus/priešingus rezultatus izraisīt pretēju efektu berkesudahan sebaliknya mislopen slå feil przybierać nieoczekiwany obrót sair pela culatra a eşua приводить к обратным результатам zlyhať, stroskotať izjaloviti se imati kontraefekat slå slint, misslyckas ส่งผลตรงกันข้ามกับที่ตั้งใจเอาไว้ umulanın tersi çıkmak, geri tepmek 得到適得其反的結果 привести до несподіваних, протилежних наслідків ناکام ہونا đổ bể 产生事与愿违的结果
n background
1 the space behind the principal or most important figures or objects of a picture etc He always paints ships against a background of stormy skies; trees in the background of the picture. agtergrond خَلفيّه، خَلفِيَّة الصّوره фон pozadí baggrund der Hintergrund φόντο fondo tagapõhi پس زمینه tausta fond רֶקָע पृष्ठभूमि pozadina háttér latar belakang bakgrunnur sfondo 背景 배경 fonas fons latar belakang achtergrond bakgrunn tło fundo background, fundal задний план pozadie ozadje pozadina bakgrund ฉากหลัง arka plan 背景 задній план, фон پس منظر nền 背景
2 happenings that go before, and help to explain, an event etc the background to a situation. agtergrond خَلفِيَّة الأحْداث помощно действие pozadí baggrund der Hintergrund προϊστορία ενός θέματος, υπόβαθρο antecedentes tagamaad زمینه tausta arrière-plan רֶקָע चित्र भूमि podloga háttér latar belakang forsaga sfondo 背後事情 배후의 사정 prielaidos, priešistorė cēlonis; pamats; priekšvēsture latar belakang achtergrond bakgrunn, forhistorie tło pano de fundo context подоплёка pozadie ozadje prethodna događanja bakgrund ภูมิหลัง bir olayın öncesi 背景情況 передумова, підґрунтя پس منظر bối cảnh 背景情况
3 a person's origins, education etc She was ashamed of her humble background. agtergrond, oorsprong جُذور، خَلفِيَّة الأنسان минало původ, minulost baggrund die Herkunft καταγωγή, προέλευση orígenes, historial päritolu سوابق؛ وضعیت (تجربه و کار و تحصیلات) tausta origines רֶקָע, מוֹצָא पृष्ठभूमि podrijetlo származás asal-usul uppruni retroterra 素姓 (사람의) 바탕 kilmė izcelsme; kvalifikācija latar belakang achtergrond bakgrunn, opphav pochodzenie origens origine; mediu (de provenienţă); educaţie происхождение pôvod, minulosť izvor poreklo bakgrund พื้นเพ özgeçmiş 經歷；學歷 походження; кваліфікація ماضی thông tin cá nhân 经历；学历
n backhand
1 in tennis etc, a stroke or shot with the back of one's hand turned towards the ball a clever backhand; His backhand is very strong. handrughou ضَربَةٌ بِظَهْر اليَد бекхенд backhand baghånd die Rückhand ανάποδο χτύπημα revés tagantkäelöök ضربه پشت راکت rystylyönti revers חֲבָטַת גַב יַד टेनिस इत्यादि में बैकहैंड, हाथ को मोड़ कर लगाया गया शॉट bekend fonák (ütés) pukulan dengan punggung tangan bakhönd rovescio さか手打ち (테니스 등의) 백핸드 kairinis smūgis rokraksts (ar slīpumu uz kreiso pusi) pukulan kilas back-hand bakhåndslag, backhand bekhend jogada backhand, rever бекхенд, удар слева bekhend backhand bekhend backhand ท่าตีโดยหันหลังมือออกนอกตัว ters vuruş, bekhend (網球等的)反手擊球 удар зліва, бекхенд الٹا ہاتھ cú ve bóng （网球等的）反手击球
2 writing with the letters sloping backwards I can always recognize her backhand. agteroor handskrif خَط مائل الحُروف إلى اليَسار наклонен наляво почерк písmo se sklonem doleva stejlskrift (nach links geneigte) Handschrift γραφικός χαρακτήρας με κλίση προς τα αριστερά letra/caligrafía inclinada a la izquierda vasakule kaldu käekiri نوشته ای که حروفش به چپ مایل است taaksepäin kallistuva käsiala écriture penchée à gauche נְטִייַת הַאוֹתִיוֹת אָחוֹרָנִית आड़े लिखना pisati slovima nakrivljenim unatrag balra dőlő kézírás tulisan miring ke belakang rithönd sem hallar til vinstri (scrittura/grafia inclinata a sinistra) 左傾斜の書体 역타 į kairę pakrypusi rašysena rokraksts (ar slīpumu uz kreiso pusi) tulisan yang condong ke belakang achteroverhellend schrift steilskrift pochyłe pismo grafia inclinada scris aplecat spre stânga почерк с наклоном влево písmo naklonené doľava nazaj nagnjena pisava rukopis ukošen nalevo bakåtlutande handstil การเขียนเอนไปทางซ้าย sola yatık el yazısı 左斜體筆跡 почерк з нахилом вліво ترچھا لکھنا chữ viết ngả về phía trái 左斜体书法
adv
using backhand She played the stroke backhand; She writes backhand. handrugagtig باستِعمال ظَهْر اليد наклонен наляво backhandem, se sklonem doleva stejlskrift Schlag mit der Rückhand ανάποδα del revés; con el dorso de la mano tagantkätt, vasakule kaldu با پشت راکت؛ مایل به چپ rystypuolella en revers, penché à gauche לַגְלגָנִי आड़े लिखना pisati slovima nakrivljenim unatrag fonákkal; balra dőlő kézírással dengan belakang tangan með bakhandarhöggi; með vinstrihallandi skrift di rovescio; obliquamente さか手打ちで 백핸드로, 손등으로 iš kairės, pakrypusia rašysena tulisan yang condong ke belakang back-hand, achteroverhellend bakhånds-, skrevet med steilskrift bekhendem, pochyło, pochyłym pismem obliquamente backhand/ care are rever; aplecat spre stânga с уклоном влево bekhendom; so sklonom doľava z backhandom; nazaj nagnjeno koji koristi bekhend med backhand, med bakåtlutande handstil ด้วยลายมือที่เอนไปทางซ้าย ters vuruşla yapılan, sola yatık olarak 反手地 бекхенд; з нахилом вліво الٹا ہاتھ về phía tay trái 反手地
n backlog
a pile of uncompleted work etc which has collected a backlog of orders because of the strike. agterstand أعمال مُتَراكِمـه натрупване nahromadění pukkel; ophobning; ugjort arbejde der Rückstand συσσωρευμένη δουλειά που έπρεπε ήδη να έχει ολοκληρωθεί atrasos, trabajo acumulado hunnik (tegemata töid) ناتمام؛ عقب افتاده työruuhka accumulation פִּגוּר מִצטַבֵּר @@@פִּיגוּר מִצטַבֵּר$$$ संचित कार्य zaostaci restancia tumpukan (pekerjaan), timbunan óafgreidd mál arretrato 未処理の仕事 적체 neatlikti darbai nepadarīts darbs lantukan achterstand ugjort arbeid, etterslep zaległości acumulação acumulare (de sarcini nerezolvate) накопившаяся невыполненная работа nahromadenie kopičenje, kup nagomilani posao eftersläpande arbete งานคั่งค้าง birikmiş iş 積壓的工作 незакінчена робота بقایا công việc tồn đọng 积压的工作
n back-ˈnumber
an out-of-date copy or issue of a magazine etc He collects back-numbers of comic magazines. vorige eksemplaar عَدَدٌ قَديم стар брой staré číslo (novin, časopisu) gammelt nummer alte Ausgabe παλιό τεύχος (π.χ. περιοδικού) número atrasado vana number شماره قدیمی روزنامه یا مجله vanha numero vieux numéro עִתוֹן יָשַן @@@עִיתוֹן יָשַן$$$ पीछला नम्बर, पुरान नम्बर stari broj régebbi szám nomor lama gamalt eintak af tímariti numero arretrato バックナンバー (잡지의) 묵은 호 senas (laikraksta, žurnāla) vecs numurs keluaran prakini oud nummer gammelt nummer zaległy numer número atrasado număr vechi (de ziar, de revistă etc.) старые номера staré číslo stara številka stari brojevi časopisa gammalt nummer av tidning el. tidskrift หนังสือพิมพ์หรือนิตยสารที่เคยตีพิมพ์แล้ว eski sayı 過期的期刊 старий номер گذشتہ شمارہ số tạp chí cũ 过期的报刊
n backpack
(especially American) a bag that walkers, people who go on trips, or students carry on their backs. rugsak مُسافِرون يَحمِلون الحقائِب раница batoh, ranec na záda rygsæk der Rucksack σακίδιο πλάτης mochila seljakott کوله پشتی reppu sac à dos תַרמִיל גַב पीठ पर ले जाने वाला बैग ruksak hátizsák ransel zaino リュックサック 배낭 kuprinė mugursoma beg sandang rugzak ryggsekk plecak rucsac рюкзак batoh, plecniak nahrbtnik ruksak ryggsäck กระเป๋าสะพายหลัง sırt çantası 背包 рюкзак پشت پر رکھنے والا تھیلا balô 背包
backpacking: go backpacking
to go on trips or go camping carrying a backpack. rugsakreis السَّفَر مع الحقائِب على الظَّهر отивам на път с раница cestovat s batohem na zádech rejse med rygsæk eine Rucksacktour machen ταξίδι, εκδρομή με σακίδιο στην πλάτη viajar de mochila seljakotiga matkama (minema) کوله پشتی حمل کردن retkeily voyager sac au dos טִיוּל תַּרמִילָאִים पीठ पर बैग ले जाना ići na kampiranje kirándul, kempingezik mengembara dengan membawa ransel (l'andare in vacanza con lo zaino a spalla) リュックを背負った旅行 배낭 여행 iškylauti, eiti į žygį su kuprine iet tūrisma pārgājienā mengembara dengan beg sandang met rugzak reizen fottur; gå i fjellet/fra hytte til hytte turyzm ходить в поход ísť (na turistiku) s plecniakom na chrbte potovati z nahrbtnikom putovati s rancem na leđima fotvandra [] ท่องเที่ยว sırt çantalı gezi/kamp 揹著背包旅行或露營 туристичний похід مہم پر جانا dã ngoại 背包旅行或露营
n backpacker
rugsakreisiger عَدد قديم من الجَريده човек с раница turista s batohem na zádech rygsæksturist der Rucksacktourist ταξιδιώτης, εκδρομέας με σακίδιο στην πλάτη mochilero, persona que viaja con mochila (seljakotiga) matkaja, rändaja کوله دار routard תַּרמִילָאי पीठ पर बैग ले जाने वाला kamper s ruksakom turista pengembara dengan membawa ransel (persona che va in vacanza con lo zaino a spalla) リュック旅行をする人 배낭 여행자 iškylautojas kājāmgājējs tūrists pendaki yang membawa beg sandang trekker met rugzak fotturist turysta пеший турист turista s plecniakom na chrbte popotnik z nahrbtnikom osoba koja putuje s rancem na leđima person som bär sin packning i ryggsäck ผู้เดินทางท่องเที่ยวแบบสะพายกระเป๋าหลัง sırt çantalı gezgin 背包旅行或露營者 турист з рюкзаком رکھنے والا پشت پر تھیلا du khách ba lô 背包旅行或露营者
n backside
the bottom or buttocks He sits on his backside all day long and does no work. bas, alie مُؤَخَّره، كفَل задни части zadek, prdel (vulg.) bagdel; ende das Hinterteil οπίσθια trasero, nalgas, posaderas tagumik نشیمنگاه؛ کپل takapuoli derrière יַשׁבָן पीछे का हिस्सा stražnjica fenék bokong, pantat rass, sitjandi didietro 尻 후부 užpakalis pakaļpuse; sēžamvieta punggung achterwerk bak, rumpe tyłek traseiro partea din spate/din fund задница zadok zadnja plat zadnjica bak, ända ก้นหรือบั้นท้าย kıç, popo 臀部 зад; сідниці چُوتڑ mông đít 屁股；背部
n backslash
the sign (\). trusolidus خَط مائل عَكْسي наклонена черта obrácené lomítko omvendt skråstreg der Backslash η ανάποδη πλάγια κάθετος, το σύμβολο «\» barra invertida längkriips, kurakriips بک اسلش kenoviiva barre oblique inverse לוּכסַן אֲחוֹרִי \ का चिह्न znak virgula, törtvonal tanda barra inversa (\)の記号 백슬래시 įžambus kairinis brūkšnys slīpsvītra garis condong belakang naar achteren hellend streepje omvendt skråstrek, backslash ukośnik wsteczny косая черта opačná lomka leva poševnica kosa crta omvänt snedstreck, bakstreck เครื่องหมาย \ ters kesir işareti 反斜線 зворотня нахильна риска کا نشان\ dấu gạch chéo ngược 反斜线符号
n backstroke
in swimming, a stroke made when lying on one's back in the water The child is good at backstroke. rugslag ضَربَةُ سباحَةٍ ظَهْريَّه плуване по гръб plavání naznak rygcrawl das Rückenschwimmen ύπτια κολύμβηση braza de espalda seliliujumine کرال پشت selkäuinti nage sur le dos שִׂחייַת גַב पीछे की तरफ तैरना leđni stil plivanja hátúszás gaya punggung baksund dorso, nuoto sul dorso 背泳ぎ 배영 plaukimas nugara peldēšana uz muguras kuak lentang rugslag ryggtak, ryggsvømming styl grzbietowy costas înot (pe spate) плавание на спине plávanie naznak hrbtno plavanje leđni stil ryggsim ท่าว่ายน้ำแบบตีกรรเชียง sırtüstü yüzüş 仰泳 плавання на спині تیراکی کے دوران پُشت کے بل تیرنے کا ایک انداز bơi ngửa 仰泳
n backup
1 additional people who provide help when it is needed The police officer requested some backup when the shooting began. bystand قُوَّةُ دَعْـم подкрепление záloha, podpora hjælp die Verstärkung ενισχύσεις, εφεδρικές δυνάμεις refuerzo lisajõud, abivägi نیروی کمکی taustatuki renforts תִּגבּוֹרֶת, גִּבּוּי पीछे से समर्थन potpora segítség bantuan rinforzo 支援（者） 후원자 pastiprinimas, parama papildspēki bantuan reserve hjelp, oppbakking, reservemannskap posiłki резерв; подкрепление posila, podpora pomoč pojačanje förstärkning, uppbackning ผู้สนับสนุน yardım, destek 後備人員 підтримка, резерв کمک lực lượng hỗ trợ 后援；后备者
2 a copy of a computer file that can be used in case the original is destroyed. dekkopie, rugsteunkopie نُسْخَة دَعْـم резерва záloha sikkerhedskopi die Sicherungskopie αντίγραφο ασφαλείας για αρχείο Η/Υ copia de seguridad/reserva varukoopia پشتیبان varmuuskopio sauvegarde גִּבּוּי कंप्यूटर की एक प्रति जो मूल के नष्ट होने पर काम में आती है kopija računalne datoteke biztonsági/tartalék másolat cadangan backup, copia di riserva バックアップコピー (컴퓨터) 백업 rezervinė kopija dublējums salinan sandar back-up sikkerhetskopi kopia bezpieczeństwa резервная копия záložná disketa varnostna kopija rezervni podaci säkerhetskopia, backup แฟ้มข้อมูลสำรอง (คอมพิวเตอร์) yedek kopya (電腦檔案)備份 резервна копія تائیدی یا محفوظ نسخہ bản sao dự phòng 备份文件
3 (also adjective) a piece of equipment, a system etc that can be used when there is a problem with the original one a backup plan; We have a backup generator in case the power fails. rugsteun, spaar أَداةُ دَعْـم احتِياطيّـه резервен záloha, záložní ekstra; ekstra- der Ersatz- εφεδρικός, εναλλακτικός recambio; de reserva varuosa یدکی؛ زاپاس vara- soutien תָּכְנִית גִּבּוּי pričuva, pričuvni tartalék cadangan riserva 予備、代替 예비품 atsarginė sistema; atsarginis rezerves sokongan extra reserve, støttemaskin, alternativ zapasowy дублирующий вариант rezerva, náhrada rezervni deo ersättnings-, reserv- สำรอง yedek 備用(設備或系統等) запасний, резервний امدادی ، تائیدی dự phòng 备份
n backwash
1 a backward current eg that following a ship's passage through the water the backwash of the steamer. boeggolf انْحِسار الماء خَلْفَ السَّفينَـه водна диря protiproud kølvand das Kielwasser ρεύμα νερού που κινείται προς τα πίσω (π.χ. το ρεύμα που δημιουργεί ένα καράβι διασχίζοντας τη θάλασσα) corriente de expulsión järellainetus پس موج peräaalto remous זֶרֶם חוֹזֵר प्रतिक्षिप्त जल uzvitlana struja vode sodrás riak kjalsog risacca 後方への波 역류 priešsrovė kuģa saceltie viļņi; pretplūsma ombak undur boeggolf kjølvann, motsjø prąd wsteczny ressaca contracurent волны от парохода protiprúd ladijski valovi pruga iza broda svallvåg คลื่นที่ไหลกลับมากระทบฝั่ง geri akıntı, dümen suyu 船行經水面後形成的回流 хвилі від човна або судна, зворотній потік ، لہر کا اتار الٹی لہر ، موجِ واپسیں nước xoáy ngược 逆流
2 the unintentional results of an action, situation etc The backwash of that firm's financial troubles affected several other firms. uitvloei نَتائجُ خَلفِيَّةٌ غير مُتَوَقَّعـه отзвук důsledek eftervirkning; følge die Nachwirkung δυσάρεστα επακόλουθα consecuencia, repercusión järellainetus پیامد ناخوشایند odottamattomat vaikutukset remous תּוֹצָאַת לווָאִי अप्रवाही जल neželjene posljedice utóhatás akibat eftirköst ripercussioni 余波 (사건 따위의) 여파 neigiamas poveikis (kāda notikuma) atskaņa kesan surutan reactie etterdønning skutki uboczne repercussão urmări nedorite отголосок dôsledok vrtinec posledica följder, efterverkningar ผลที่ไม่ตั้งใจให้เกิดจากการกระทำบางอย่าง dolaylı sonuç 無心造成的結果 наслідки, відголос بُرے اثرات kết quả xấu 反响
n backwater
1 a stretch of river not in the main stream. systroom مِياهٌ تُدْفَعُ إلى الوراءِ بِفِعْلِ سَّدد أو فَيَضان застояла вода stojatá voda biflod der Seitenarm στάσιμα νερά brazo de río estancado jõesopp آب راکد sivujoki bras de décharge, bras mort פֶלֶג מָים अप्रवाही जल povlačenje vode od obale holtág air yang dibendung straumlaus vík í fljótsbakka acqua stagnante, riflusso もどり水 역류 užutekis atteka air buri binnenwater bakevje martwa odnoga riacho braţ; răstoacă заводь stojatá voda mrtev rokav ustajala voda na reci bakvatten, bakström สาขาของแม่น้ำที่แยกออกมา durgun su 河川某段水流受阻所形成的回水 заводь بند پانی ، بند کھاڑی chỗ đọng nước 回流
2 a place not affected by what is happening in the world outside That village is rather a backwater. kleindorpie, afgeleë plek مَكانٌناءٍ затънтено място stojaté vody (přen.), tišina, klidné místo afkrog rückständiger Ort τόπος που μένει ανεπηρέαστος από τις εξωτερικές εξελίξεις remanso kolgas دورافتاده syrjäseutu coin tranquille קוֹפֵא עַל שׁמָרַיו mrtvilo, žabokrečina Isten háta mögötti hely tempat terpencil dan terbelakang afskekktur staður (angolo tranquillo) 後進地域 미개지 užkampis atpalikusi nomale mati afgelegen plaats avkrok zaścianek lugar atrasado loc izolat тихая заводь tíšina, tiché miesto miren kotiček učmalo mesto avkrok บรรยากาศที่ซึมเซา dünyadan habersiz bir yer 與世隔絕的地方 глухомань, місце на відшибі جمود ، جنگل میں واقع جگہ nơi chậm tiến 死气沉沉的地方；死水
n backˈyard
(especially American) a garden at the back of a house etc He grows vegetables in his backyard. agterplaas فِناءٌ خَلْفي заден двор dvorek nebo zahrádka za domem baghave Garten hinter dem Haus πίσω αυλή patio trasero tagaõu حیات خلوت takapiha arrière-cour חָצֵר אֲחוֹרִית पिछवाड़ा stražnje dvorište hátsó kiskert halaman belakang bakgarður cortile 裏庭 뒤뜰 daržas/kiemas už namo dārzs aiz mājas kawasan belakang rumah achtertuin bakhage, bakgård ogród quintal curte/grădină din spatele unei case садик за домом záhradka za domom vrtiček za hišo zadnje dvorište bakgård, trädgård på baksidan สวนหลังบ้าน arka bahçe 後院 город або сад за будинком پائیں باغ ، عقبی صحن sân sau 后院
back down
to give up one's opinion, claim etc She backed down in the face of strong opposition. toegee يُعَبِّر عن رأيِهِ оттеглям се ustoupit trække sig klein beigeben υποχωρώ echarse/volverse atrás; rajarse (oma seisukohast) taganema جا زدن؛ عقب نشینی کردن perääntyä reculer (devant) לַסֶגֶת, לְווָתֵר पीछे हटना, छोड़ देना povući se meghátrál mengalah draga í land rinunciare 引きさがる 철회 pasitraukti atkāpties; atteikties (no prasībām u. tml.) mengalah terugkrabbelen fravike; trekke seg wycofać się recuar a bate în retragere (în faţa cuiva) отступаться ustúpiť umakniti se (pred) povući se backa [], retirera ยอมจำนน pes etmek, yelkenleri suya indirmek 放棄(己見、要求等)，讓步 відступатися, відмовлятися ہار ماننا thoái lui 放弃（观点）
back of
(American) behind He parked back of the store. agter خَلْف зад za něčím bag; bagved hinter πίσω από detrás de taga در پشت taakse derrière מְאָחוֹרֵי पीछे iza mögött di belakang bak við retro ～のうしろに ...의 뒤에 už aiz belakang achter bak za por trás în spatele сзади, позади za za iza på baksidan av หลัง arkasında 在...的後方 позаду پیچھے ، عقب đằng sau 在...的后部
back on to
(of a building etc) to have its back next to (something) My house backs on to the racecourse. se agterkant grens aan خلْفُـهُ نَحْو до sousedit vzadu vende bagsiden mod (hinten) grenzen an γειτονεύω από την πίσω μεριά dar a tagaküljelt piirnema پشت به پشت؛ دیوار به دیوار takaosastaan vasten donner (par derrière) sur סָמוּך ל- के निकट पिछवाड़ा होना oslanjati se na nešto háttal áll vminek membelakangi liggja að dare su 背中合わせである ...에 접하다 stovėti nugara į ką ar aizmuguri pret membelakangi van achteren grenzen aan vende baksiden mot sąsiadować dar para a da în spate (în)spre примыкать (сзади) susediť vzadu z zadnjim delom gledati na graničiti se sa med baksidan mot ด้านหลังติดกับ arkası...-e dönük olmak 背對著 прилягати, межувати پیچھے ہونا quay lưng lại 背对著
back out
1 to move out backwards He opened the garage door and backed (his car) out. agteruit ry يَرْجِعُ إلى الخَلْف движа се на заден ход vycouvat bakke ud rückwärts bewegen βγαίνω κινούμενος προς τα πίσω salir marcha atrás välja tagurdama عقب عقب درآمدن peruuttaa sortir en marche arrière, à reculons לָנוּע לְאָחוֹר पीछे जाना izvesti natraške kitolat mundur bakka uscire a marcia indietro バックして出す 내보내다 išeiti/išvažiuoti atbulom, išvaryti atgal braukt atpakaļgaitā mengundur achteruitrijden uit rygge wycofywać (się) recuar a ieşi cu spatele, a da în marşarier выехать задним ходом vycúvať vzvratno peljati iz voziti unazad backa ut ถอยหลัง geri geri gitmek 倒退移出 виїздити заднім ходом پیچھے سے نکلنا یا نکالنا lùi 倒出
2 to withdraw from a promise etc You promised to help – you mustn't back out now! kop uittrek يَتَراجَعُ عِن وَعْدِهِ оттеглям се vyvléci se z něčeho bakke ud; trække sig sich drücken υπαναχωρώ echarse/volverse atrás; no cumplir taganema جا زدن؛ عهدشکنی کردن vetäytyä (se) dérober לַסֶגֶת, לְהִתחָרֵט मुकरना povući obećanje visszalép ingkar janji draga sig til baka tirarsi indietro 手を引く 철회하다 pasitraukti, atsisakyti izvairīties (no kaut kā) menarik diri teruggaan op trekke seg, bakke ut wycofywać się recuar a da înapoi уклоняться vyzuť sa z (čoho), vymaniť sa zmuzniti se povući se backa ur, smita undan กลับคำ sözünden caymak, döneklik etmek 收回(承諾)，食言 ухилятися پیچھے ہٹنا nuốt lời 收回（承诺）
back up
1 to support or encourage The new evidence backed up my arguments. ondersteun يَدْعَم، يُؤَيِّد подкрепям podepřít støtte; bakke op bekräftigen υποστηρίζω, ενισχύω sostener toetama تایید کردن tukea soutenir לִתְמוֹך समर्थन करना poduprijeti támogat mendukung styðja sostenere, appoggiare 後援する 후원하다 paremti []balstīt menyokong steunen støtte, bakke opp popierać apoiar a susţine, a confirma поддерживать podporiť potrjevati potkrepiti stödja, backa upp สนับสนุน desteklemek, arka çıkmak 支持 підтримувати تائید کرنا ، حمایت کرنا ủng hộ 支持
2 to make a copy of the information stored on the computer or disk. rugsteun, dekkopieer يَنْسَخُ نُسْخَةً داعِمـه правя резервно копие zálohovat lave sikkerhedskopi eine Sicherheitskopie machen δημιουργώ αντίγραφο ασφαλείας σε αρχείο Η/Υ hacer una copia de seguridad/reserva varukoopiat tegema پشتیبان گرفتن varmuuskopioida sauvegarder לְגַבּוֹת कंप्यूटर और डिस्क पर संचित सूचना की एक प्रति बनाना napraviti kopiju datoteke másolatot készít mengkopi, membuat cadangan fare una copia di riserva バックアップコピーを取る 복사하다 daryti rezervinę/atsarginę kopiją dublēt membuat salinan sandar een back-up maken lage sikkerhetskopi zrobić kopię bezpieczeństwa дублировать информацию kopírovať varnostna kopija napraviti kopiju podataka sa računara göra en säkerhetskopia (backup) สำรองข้อมูล yedeklemek 備份 виготовляти резервну копію محفوظ نقل بنانا sao dự phòng 备份
have one's back to the wall
to be in a very difficult or desperate situation He certainly has his back to the wall as he has lost his job and cannot find another one. in die noute, in die knyp ظَهْرُهُ إلى الحائِط، مُحاصَر намирам се в трудна ситуация být v úzkých, přitlačen ke zdi stå med ryggen mod muren mit dem Rücken an der Wand stehen βρίσκομαι σε πολύ δύσκολη θέση estar entre la espada y la pared vastu seina surutud در تنگنا قرار گرفتن olla selkä seinää vasten être au pied du mur בְּגַבּוֹ אֶל הַקִיר दीवार से पीठ लगना biti u teškoj situaciji szorult helyzetben van keadaan sulit vera upp við vegg essere con le spalle al muro 追い詰められて 막다른 골목에 몰리다 būti įvarytam į kampą būt ļoti grūtos apstākļos / situācijā terdesak met de rug tegen de muur staan møte veggen, stå med ryggen mot veggen być przypartym do muru estar em posição difícil a fi la ananghie в безвыходном положении dostať sa do úzkych biti v zagati biti u škripcu hårt ansatt, ställd mot väggen หลังชนฝา zor durumda olmak, çıkmaza saplanmak 進退維谷 бути в скрутному становищі, терпіти нужду پشت دیوار کے ساتھ لگنا ، مجبور ہونا lâm vào thế cùng đường 处于绝境
put someone's back up
to anger someone He put my back up with his boasting. iemand laat vererg, iemand laat kromrug staan يُغضب، يُغيظ ядосвам rozčílit irritere jemanden auf die Palme bringen ενοχλώ, εξοργίζω irritar, exasperar, poner de los nervios (kedagi) vihale ajama عصبانی کردن suututtaa irriter qqn לְהַרְגִיז नाराज करना razljutiti nekoga felbosszant membuat marah ergja/reita (e-n) til reiði infuriarsi 怒らせる 매우 짜증나게 하다 supykdyti, įsiutinti kaitināt; sadusmot (kādu) menyakitkan hati iemand irriteren ergre zdenerwować irritar (alguém) a enerva pe cineva рассердить кого-л. rozčúliť razkačiti naljutiti reta upp ngn ทำให้โกรธ kızdırmak, canını sıkmak 激怒（某人） дратувати, сердити بیزار کرنا làm ai nổi giận 激怒（某人）
take a back seat
to take an unimportant position At these discussions he always takes a back seat and listens to others talking. op die agtergrond raak يَتَّخِذُ مَوْقِفا خَلفِيّا / غيرَ مُهِم заемам маловажна позиция držet se stranou, v pozadí holde sig i baggrunden; holde lav profil in den Hintergrund treten παραμένω αμέτοχος, παίζω ασήμαντο ρόλο στις εξελίξεις situarse en un segundo plano tagaplaanile tõmbuma موضع یا سمت پایین و درجه دو گرفتن siirtyä taka-alalle s'effacer לְהִישָׁאֵר בַּרֶקָע चर्चा में हिस्सा नहीं लेना sjesti u pozadinu háttérbe húzódik mengambil kedudukan tidak penting láta lítið á sér bera, halda sig til baka accontentarsi di un posto in sottordine でしゃばらないようにする 눈에 띄지 않는 kukliai laikytis, nesikišti ieņemt nenozīmīgu amatu / nostāju mengambil peranan yang kurang penting op de achtergrond treden holde seg i bakgrunnen, holde en lav profil grać drugie skrzypce ficar calado a sta deoparte, a nu se implica занимать незаметную позицию držať sa v pozadí umakniti se zauzeti mesto u pozadini inta en tillbakadragen position อยู่ในตำแหน่งที่ไม่สำคัญ kendini göstermemek 退居第二線 відійти на задній план عقبی نششت پر بیٹھنا chỉ tham gia một phần 处于次要地位，谦让
back → إلى الوراء, ظَهر, متجه خلفاً, يُرجع vycouvat, záda, zadní, zpět bag-, ryg, støtte, tilbage Rücken, rückständig, zurück, zurücksetzen οπίσθιος, οπισθοχωρώ, πίσω, πλάτη atrás, espalda, respaldar, trasero selkä, taka-, takaisin, tukea arrière, dos, revenu, soutenir ići natraške, leđa, natrag, stražnji posteriore, schiena, sostenere 後ろに, 後ろの, 後退させる, 背中 뒤에, 뒤의, 등, 후원하다 achter, ondersteunen, rug, terug bakover, bakre, rygg, rygge cofnąć, plecy, tylny, z powrotem apoiar, atrás, costas, traseiro задний, назад, поддерживать, спина backa, bak-, rygg, tillbaka กลับไปสภาพเดิม, ซึ่งผ่านมาแล้ว ซึ่งอยู่ด้านหลัง, ถอยหลัง สนับสนุน, หลัง ส่วนหลัง arka, arkada, gerilemek, sırt lùi, lưng, ở phía sau, về phía sau 后背, 后退, 后面的, 向后
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