backward

back·ward  (bkwrd)

adj.

1. Directed or facing toward the back or rear.

2. Done or arranged in a manner or order that is opposite to previous occurrence or normal use.

3. Unwilling to act; reluctant; shy.

4. Behind others in progress or development: The technology was backward, but the system worked.

adv. or back·wards (-wrdz)

1. To or toward the back or rear.

2. With the back leading.

3. In a reverse manner or order.

4. To, toward, or into the past.

5. Toward a worse or less advanced condition.

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backward·ly adv.

backward·ness n.

Usage Note: The adverb may be spelled backward or backwards, and these forms are interchangeable: stepped backward; a mirror facing backwards. In Standard English, however, the adjective has no -s: a backward view.

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backward

Adjective

1. directed towards the rear

2. retarded in physical, material, or intellectual development

3. reluctant or bashful

Adverb

same as backwards

backwardness n

Thesaurus

Adj.	1.	backward - directed or facing toward the back or rear; "a backward view" regressive - opposing progress; returning to a former less advanced state retrospective - concerned with or related to the past; "retrospective self-justification" forward - at or near or directed toward the front; "the forward section of the aircraft"; "a forward plunge down the stairs"; "forward motion"
	2.	backward - (used of temperament or behavior) marked by a retiring nature; "a backward lover" timid - showing fear and lack of confidence forward - used of temperament or behavior; lacking restraint or modesty; "a forward child badly in need of discipline"
	3.	backward - retarded in intellectual development feebleminded, half-witted, slow-witted archaicism, archaism - the use of an archaic expression retarded - relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development; "providing a secure and sometimes happy life for the retarded"
	4.	backward - having made less than normal progress; "an economically backward country" adynamic, undynamic - characterized by an absence of force or forcefulness
Adv.	1.	backward - at or to or toward the back or rear; "he moved back"; "tripped when he stepped backward"; "she looked rearward out the window of the car" backwards, rearward, rearwards, back forrad, forrard, forward, forwards, frontward, frontwards - at or to or toward the front; "he faced forward"; "step forward"; "she practiced sewing backward as well as frontward on her new sewing machine"; (`forrad' and `forrard' are dialectal variations)
	2.	backward - in a manner or order or direction the reverse of normal; "it's easy to get the `i' and the `e' backward in words like `seize' and `siege'"; "the child put her jersey on backward" backwards
	3.	backward - in or to or toward a past time; "set the clocks back an hour"; "never look back"; "lovers of the past looking fondly backward" back ahead, forward - toward the future; forward in time; "I like to look ahead in imagination to what the future may bring"; "I look forward to seeing you"

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backward

adjective 1. reverse, inverted, inverse, back to front, rearward << OPPOSITE forward

adjective 2. underdeveloped, undeveloped

adjective 3. slow, behind, stupid, retarded, deficient, underdeveloped, subnormal, half-witted, behindhand, slow-witted, intellectually handicapped Austral.

Translations

backward [ˈbækwəd] adj [movement] → hacia atrás; [person, country] → atrasado (= shy); tímido

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backward [ˈbækwəd] back adj [movement] → en arrière; [measure] → rétrograde; [person, country] → arriéré(e) → attardé(e) (= shy); hésitant(e);

backward and forward movement → mouvement de va-et-vient

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backward [ˈbækwəd] adj (movement) → Rückwärts-;

(person) → zurückgeblieben;

(country) → rückständig;

backward and forward movement → Vor- und Zurückbewegung f;

backward step/glance → Blick m/Schritt m zurück

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backward [ˈbækwəd] adj [movement] → indietro inv [person] → tardivo/a; [country] → arretrato/a;

backward and forward movement → movimento avanti e indietro

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backward

adj backward [ˈbӕkwəd]

1 aimed or directed backwards He left without a backward glance. terug إلى الخَلْف обратен obrácený zpět, směřující vzad bagudrettet; uden at se sig tilbage zurück που έχει κατεύθυνση προς τα πίσω hacia atrás tahapoole به سوی عقب taaksepäin en arrière, vers l'arrière לְאָחוֹר पिछड़ा हुआ upravljen prema natrag hátrafelé irányuló ke belakang sem beinist aftur á bak/til baka indietro 後方への 뒤를 향한 atgalinis, nukreiptas atgal atpakaļ vērsts ke belakang naar achteren bakoverrettet, tilbake skierowany do tyłu para trás înapoi, îndărăt обратный obrátiť sa späť nazaj obrnjen unazad bakåtriktad, bakåtvänd ซึ่งไปทางข้างหลัง geri, geriye 向後的 зворотний پیچھے کی جانب về phía sau 向后的

2 less advanced in mind or body than is normal for one's age a backward child. agtergeblewe مُتَخَلِّف عَقْليا أو جَسَديّاا недоразвит opožděný (ve vývoji) tilbagestående; sent udviklet zurückgeblieben καθυστερημένος (ως προς την ανάπτυξή του) retrasado arengupeetusega عقب افتاده jälkeenjäänyt arriéré מְפָגֵר पीछे की ओर zaostao sérült (gyermek), fogyatékos terbelakang seinþroska ritardato 発達の遅い 진보가 느린 atsilikęs, neišsivystęs atpalicis; neattīstīts mundur achterlijk tilbakestående, seint utviklet opóźniony w rozwoju atrasado retardat слаборазвитый zaostalý zaostal zaostao efterbliven, sen สมองช้า geri kalmış, yavaş(öğrenen) 智力差的 відсталий پھسڈی ، کند ذہن chậm hiểu 智力差的

3 late in developing a modern culture, mechanization etc That part of Britain is still very backward; the backward peoples of the world. agtergeblewe مُتَخَلِّف، غير مُتَطَوِّر изостанал zaostalý underudviklet rückständig υπανάπτυκτος atrasado (arengus) mahajäänud عقب مانده؛ پیشرفت نکرده takapajuinen arriéré נֶחֱשָׁל zaostao elmaradott terbelakang á eftir tímanum in ritardo 遅れている 진보에 뒤떨어진 atsilikęs atpalicis; neattīstīts mundur achtergebleven underutviklet, tilbakestående zapóźniony atrasado înapoiat отсталый zaostalý nerazvit zaostao efterbliven, på efterkälken ซึ่งมีการพัฒนาที่ล้าหลัง az gelişmiş, geri kalmış 落後的 відсталий قدامت پسند lạc hậu 落后的

n backwardness

agtergeblewenheid تَخَلُّف назадничевост zaostalost, opožděnost tilbageståenhed die Rückständigkeit καθυστέρηση ανάπτυξης atraso mahajäämus عقب افتادگی takapajuisuus arriération פִּגוּר @@@פִּיגוּר$$$ पिछड़ापन zaostalost fejletlenség, visszamaradottság keterbelakangan tregða; óframfærni; seinn þroski arretratezza; tardività 発達の遅いこと 후퇴, 역행 atsilikimas atpalicība kemunduran achterlijkheid det å være tilbakestående, treghet zapóźnienie atraso retardare; înapoiere отсталость zaostalosť zaostalost zaostalost efterblivenhet การกลับไปกลับมา geri kalmışlık 落後 відсталість قدامت پسندی tình trạng lạc hậu 落后

adv backwards

1 towards the back He glanced backwards. terugwaarts إلى الوَراء назад zpět, dozadu bagud; tilbage zurück (προς τα) πίσω hacia atrás tagasi به سوی عقب taaksepäin vers l'arrière לְאָחוֹר पीछे की ओर prema natrag hátra(felé) mundur aftur (á bak), til baka indietro, all'indietro 後方に 뒤(쪽으)로 atgal atpakaļ ke belakang naar achteren baklengs, bakover, tilbake do tyłu para trás înapoi назад nazad, späť nazaj unazad bakåt ไปทางข้างหลัง geriye, arkaya 向後地 назад پیچھے về phía sau 向后地

2 with one's back facing the direction one is going in The child walked backwards into a lamp-post. agteruit إلى الخَلْف، باتِّجاهٍ عَكْسي назад pozpátku baglæns rückwärts προς τα πίσω de espaldas a selg ees عقبکی takaperin à reculons אָחוֹרָנִית natraške háttal mundur aftur á bak all'indietro うしろ向きに 뒤를 향해 atbulom, užpakaliu atmuguriski mengundur achteruit baklengs tyłem às arrecuas cu spatele, de-a-ndărătelea задом наперёд pospiatky ritensko unazad baklänges ถอยหลัง geri geri, tersine 倒退著 задом наперед پیچھے کی جانب giật lùi 倒退着

3 in the opposite way to that which is usual Can you count from 1 to 10 backwards? (= starting at 10 and counting to 1). agteruit بِطَريقَةٍ عَكْسِيَّةٍ отзад напред pozpátku baglæns rückwärts ανάποδα al revés tagurpidi معکوس؛ وارونه takaperin à l'envers לְאָחוֹר unatrag vissza(felé) ke belakang aftur á bak a ritroso 逆に 뒤를 향해 atgal atpakaļ; no otra gala ke belakang naar voren van achter baklengs, bakfra do tyłu às avessas înapoi, invers; pe dos в обратном порядке spätne nazaj unazad baklänges ถอยหลัง tersine 倒著 в зворотному напрямі الٹا / الٹی ngược 倒着［数］

backwards and forwards

in one direction and then in the opposite direction The dog ran backwards and forwards across the grass. heen en weer, heen en terug إلى الوَراء ثًمَّ إلى الأَمام напред-назад sem a tam frem og tilbage vor und zurück μπρος πίσω de un lado para otro edasi-tagasi پس و پیش؛ عقب و جلو edestakaisin de long en large הָלוֹך וַשׁוֹב कभी आगे कभी पीछे amo-tamo előre-hátra bolak balik fram og til baka, fram og aftur avanti e indietro 前後に 앞뒤로, 이리저리 pirmyn ir atgal uz priekšu un atpakaļ; šurp un turp ke belakang dan ke depan heen en weer fram og tilbake tam i z powrotem para trás e para diante în­colo şi-ncoace взад и вперёд sem a tam po dolgem in počez tamo-amo fram och tillbaka กลับไปกลับมา bir ileri bir geri 來回地 взад і вперед, туди-сюди آگے پیچھے tới lui 来回地

bend/fall over backwards

to try very hard He bent over backwards to get us tickets for the concert. agteroor buig يُحاوِلُ بِكُلِّ جُهْدِهِ старая се moci se přetrhnout, hodně se snažit gøre alt for sich fast überschlagen κάνω τα αδύνατα δυνατά hacer lo imposible (por), desvivirse (por) kõigest väest pingutama سخت تلاش کردن tehdä kaikkensa se mettre en quatre (pour) נִיסָה מאוֹד unatrag kezét-lábát töri berusaha keras leggja sig í líma, kappkosta farsi in quattro 懸命の努力をする 비상한 노력을 하다, 진지하게 대들다 iš kailio nertis ļoti censties bersungguh-sungguh zijn uiterste best doen legge seg i selen stawać na głowie esforçar-se muito a se face luntre şi punte из кожи вон лезть urobiť všetko preto, aby vse sile napeti potruditi se anstränga sig till det yttersta ตั้งใจทำอย่างมาก çok uğraşmak 拼命(作某事) старатися з усіх сил; із шкури лізти انتہائی کوشش کرنا cố gắng 拼命（作某事）