holding harmless

hold¹ (h

ld)

v. held (h

ld), hold·ing, holds

v.tr.

a. To have and keep in one's grasp: held the reins tightly.

b. To aim or direct; point: held a hose on the fire.

c. To keep from falling or moving; support: a nail too small to hold the mirror; hold the horse steady; papers that were held together with staples.

d. To sustain the pressure of: The old bridge can't hold much weight.

a. To keep from departing or getting away: Hold the bus! Hold the dog until I find the leash.

b. To keep in custody: held the suspect for questioning.

c. To retain (one's attention or interest): Televised sports can't hold my interest.

d. To avoid letting out or expelling: The swimmer held her breath while underwater.

a. To be filled by; contain.

b. To be capable of holding. See Synonyms at contain.

c. To have as a chief characteristic or quality: The film holds many surprises.

d. To have in store: Let's see what the future holds.

a. To have and maintain in one's possession: holds a great deal of property.

b. To have as a responsible position or a privilege: held the governorship for six years.

c. To have in recognition of achievement or superiority: holds the record for the one-mile race; holds the respect of her peers.

a. To maintain control over: Thieves held the stolen painting for ransom.

b. To maintain occupation of by force or coercion: Protesters held the embassy for a week.

c. To withstand the efforts or advance of (an opposing team, for example).

d. To maintain in a given condition, situation, or action: The storyteller held the crowd spellbound.

a. To impose control or restraint on; curb: She held her temper.

b. To stop the movement or progress of: Hold the presses!

c. To reserve or keep back from use: Please hold two tickets for us. Hold the relish on that hamburger.

d. To defer the immediate handling of: The receptionist held all calls during the meeting.

a. To be the legal possessor of.

b. To bind by a contract.

c. To adjudge or decree: The court held that the defendant was at fault.

d. To make accountable; obligate: He held me to my promise.

a. To keep in the mind or convey as a judgment, conviction, or point of view: holds that this economic program is the only answer to high prices.

b. To assert or affirm, especially formally: This doctrine holds that people are inherently good.

c. To regard in a certain way: I hold you in high esteem.

a. To cause to take place; carry on: held the race in Texas; hold a yard sale.

b. To assemble for and conduct the activity of; convene: held a meeting of the board.

10.

a. To carry or support (the body or a bodily part) in a certain position: Can the baby hold herself up yet? Hold up your leg.

b. To cover (the ears or the nose, for example) especially for protection: held my nose against the stench.

v.intr.

a. To maintain a grasp or grip on something.

b. To stay securely fastened: The chain held.

a. To maintain a desired or accustomed position or condition: hopes the weather will hold.

b. To withstand stress, pressure, or opposition: The defense held. We held firm on the negotiations.

3. To continue in the same direction: The ship held to an easterly course.

4. To be valid, applicable, or true: The observation still holds in cases like this.

5. To have legal right or title. Often used with of or from.

6. To halt an intended action. Often used in the imperative.

7. To stop the countdown during a missile or spacecraft launch.

8. Slang To have in one's possession illicit or illegally obtained material or goods, especially narcotics: The suspect was holding.

a. The act or a means of grasping.

b. A manner of grasping an opponent, as in wrestling or aikido: a neck hold; an arm hold.

2. Something that may be grasped or gripped, as for support.

3. A control or adjustor on a television that keeps the screen image in proper position: adjusted the horizontal hold.

4. A telephone service that allows one to temporarily interrupt a call without severing the connection.

a. A bond or force that attaches or restrains, or by which something is affected or dominated: a writer with a strong hold on her readership.

b. Complete control: has a firm hold on the complex issues.

c. Full understanding: has a good hold on physics.

6. Music

a. The sustaining of a note longer than its indicated time value.

b. The symbol designating this pause; a fermata.

a. A direction or indication that something is to be reserved or deferred.

b. A temporary halt, as in a countdown.

a. A prison cell.

b. The state of being in confinement; custody.

9. Archaic A fortified place; a stronghold.

Phrasal Verbs:

hold back

1. To retain in one's possession or control: held back valuable information; held back my tears.

2. To impede the progress of.

3. To restrain oneself.

hold down

1. To limit: Please hold the noise down.

2. To fulfill the duties of (a job): holds down two jobs.

hold forth

To talk at great length.

hold off

1. To keep at a distance; resist: held the creditors off.

2. To stop or delay doing something: Let's hold off until we have more data.

hold on

1. To maintain one's grip; cling.

2. To continue to do something; persist.

3. To wait for something wanted or requested, especially to keep a telephone connection open.

hold out

1. To present or proffer as something attainable.

2. To continue to be in supply or service; last: Our food is holding out nicely.

3. To continue to resist: The defending garrison held out for a month.

4. To refuse to reach or satisfy an agreement.

hold over

a. To postpone or delay.

b. To keep in a position or state from an earlier period of time.

2. To continue a term of office past the usual length of time.

3. To prolong the engagement of: The film was held over for weeks.

hold to

To remain loyal or faithful to: She held to her resolutions.

hold up

1. To obstruct or delay.

2. To rob while armed, often at gunpoint.

3. To offer or present as an example: held the essay up as a model for the students.

4. To continue to function without losing force or effectiveness; cope: managed to hold up under the stress.

hold with

To agree with; support: I don't hold with your theories.

Idioms:

get hold of

1. To come into possession of; find: Where can I get hold of a copy?

2. To communicate with, as by telephone: tried to get hold of you but the line was busy.

3. To gain control of. Often used reflexively: You must get hold of yourself!

hold a candle to

To compare favorably with: This film doesn't hold a candle to his previous ones.

hold (one's) end up

To fulfill one's part of an agreement; do one's share.

hold (one's) own

To do reasonably well despite difficulty or criticism.

hold out on (someone)

To withhold something from: Don't hold out on me; start telling the truth.

hold (someone's) feet to the fire

To pressure (someone) to consent to or undertake something.

hold sway

To have a controlling influence; dominate.

hold the bag Informal

1. To be left with empty hands.

2. To be forced to assume total responsibility when it ought to have been shared.

hold the fort Informal

1. To assume responsibility, especially in another's absence.

2. To maintain a secure position.

hold the line

To maintain the existing position or state of affairs: had to hold the line on salary increases.

hold the phone Slang

To stop doing what one is engaged in doing. Often used in the imperative: Hold the phone! Let's end this argument.

hold water

To stand up to critical examination: Your explanation doesn't hold water.

no holds barred

Without limits or restraints.

on hold

1. Into a state of temporary interruption without severing a telephone connection: put me on hold for 10 minutes.

2. Informal Into a state of delay or indeterminate suspension: had to put the romance on hold.

[Middle English holden, from Old English healdan.]

hold² (h

ld)

The lower interior part of a ship or airplane where cargo is stored.

[Alteration (influenced by hold) of Middle English hole, husk, hull of a ship, from Old English hulu; see kel-¹ in Indo-European roots.]

hold¹

vb holds, holding, held [hɛld]

1. to have or keep (an object) with or within the hands, arms, etc.; clasp

2. (tr) to support or bear to hold a drowning man's head above water

3. to maintain or be maintained in a specified state or condition to hold one's emotions in check hold firm

4. (tr) to set aside or reserve they will hold our tickets until tomorrow

5. (when intr, usually used in commands) to restrain or be restrained from motion, action, departure, etc. hold that man until the police come

6. (intr) to remain fast or unbroken that cable won't hold much longer

7. (intr) (of the weather) to remain dry and bright how long will the weather hold?

8. (tr) to keep the attention of her singing held the audience

9. (tr) to engage in or carry on to hold a meeting

10. (tr) to have the ownership, possession, etc., of he holds a law degree from London who's holding the ace of spades?

11. (tr) to have the use of or responsibility for to hold the office of director

12. (tr) to have the space or capacity for the carton will hold only eight books

13. (tr) to be able to control the outward effects of drinking beer, spirits, etc. he can hold his drink well

14. (often foll by to or by) to remain or cause to remain committed to hold him to his promise he held by his views in spite of opposition

15. (tr; takes a clause as object) to claim he holds that the theory is incorrect

16. (intr) to remain relevant, valid, or true the old philosophies don't hold nowadays

17. (tr) to keep in the mind to hold affection for someone

18. (tr) to regard or consider in a specified manner I hold him very dear

19. (tr) to guard or defend successfully hold the fort against the attack

20. (intr) to continue to go hold on one's way

21. (Music / Classical Music) (sometimes foll by on) Music to sustain the sound of (a note) throughout its specified duration to hold on a semibreve for its full value

22. (Electronics & Computer Science / Computer Science) (tr) Computing to retain (data) in a storage device after copying onto another storage device or onto another location in the same device Compare clear [49]

23. (tr) to be in possession of illegal drugs

hold (good) for to apply or be relevant to the same rules hold for everyone

hold it!

a. stop! wait!

b. stay in the same position! as when being photographed

hold one's head high to conduct oneself in a proud and confident manner

hold one's own to maintain one's situation or position esp in spite of opposition or difficulty

hold one's peace or tongue to keep silent

hold water to prove credible, logical, or consistent

there is no holding him he is so spirited or resolute that he cannot be restrained

1. the act or method of holding fast or grasping, as with the hands

2. something to hold onto, as for support or control

3. an object or device that holds fast or grips something else so as to hold it fast

4. controlling force or influence she has a hold on him

5. a short delay or pause

on hold in a state of temporary postponement or delay

7. a prison or a cell in a prison

8. (Individual Sports & Recreations / Wrestling) Wrestling a way of seizing one's opponent a wrist hold

9. (Music / Classical Music) Music a pause or fermata

10. (Law)

a. a tenure or holding, esp of land

b. (in combination) leasehold freehold copyhold

11. a container

12. (Military / Fortifications) Archaic a fortified place

get hold of

a. to obtain

b. to come into contact with

no holds barred all limitations removed See also hold back, hold down, hold forth, hold in, hold off, hold on, hold out, hold over, hold together, hold-up, hold with

[Old English healdan; related to Old Norse halla, Gothic haldan, German halten]

holdable adj

hold²

(Transport / Nautical Terms) (Engineering / Aeronautics) the space in a ship or aircraft for storing cargo

[variant of hole]

1. A cargo stowage compartment aboard ship.
2. To maintain or retain possession of by force, as a position or an area.
3. In an attack, to exert sufficient pressure to prevent movement or redisposition of enemy forces.
4. As applied to air traffic, to keep an aircraft within a specified space or location which is identified by visual or other means in accordance with Air Traffic Control instructions. See also fix; retain.

ThesaurusLegend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms

Noun	1.	hold - the act of grasping; "he released his clasp on my arm"; "he has a strong grip for an old man"; "she kept a firm hold on the railing" clutch, clutches, grip, clasp, clench, grasp choke hold, chokehold - a restraining hold; someone loops the arm around the neck of another person in a tight grip, usually from behind; "he grabbed the woman in a chokehold, demanded her cash and jewelry, and then fled" embrace, embracement, embracing - the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection) prehension, taking hold, grasping, seizing - the act of gripping something firmly with the hands (or the tentacles) wrestling hold - a hold used in the sport of wrestling
	2.	hold - understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something; "he has a good grasp of accounting practices" appreciation, grasp discernment, savvy, understanding, apprehension - the cognitive condition of someone who understands; "he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect" sense - a natural appreciation or ability; "a keen musical sense"; "a good sense of timing"
	3.	hold - power by which something or someone is affected or dominated; "he has a hold over them" control - power to direct or determine; "under control"
	4.	hold - time during which some action is awaited; "instant replay caused too long a delay"; "he ordered a hold in the action" delay, postponement, time lag, wait pause, suspension, intermission, interruption, break - a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something extension - a mutually agreed delay in the date set for the completion of a job or payment of a debt; "they applied for an extension of the loan" moratorium - a legally authorized postponement before some obligation must be discharged retardation - the extent to which something is delayed or held back
	5.	hold - a state of being confined (usually for a short time); "his detention was politically motivated"; "the prisoner is on hold"; "he is in the custody of police" custody, detainment, detention confinement - the state of being confined; "he was held in confinement"
	6.	hold - a stronghold stronghold, fastness - a strongly fortified defensive structure archaicism, archaism - the use of an archaic expression
	7.	hold - a cell in a jail or prison keep jail cell, prison cell, cell - a room where a prisoner is kept
	8.	hold - the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it; "he grabbed the hammer by the handle"; "it was an old briefcase but it still had a good grip" handgrip, handle, grip appendage - a part that is joined to something larger aspergill, aspersorium - a short-handled device with a globe containing a sponge; used for sprinkling holy water ax handle, axe handle - the handle of an ax baggage, luggage - cases used to carry belongings when traveling baseball bat, lumber - an implement used in baseball by the batter briefcase - a case with a handle; for carrying papers or files or books broom handle, broomstick - the handle of a broom brush - an implement that has hairs or bristles firmly set into a handle carpet beater, rug beater - implement for beating dust out of carpets carrycot - box-shaped baby bed with handles (for a baby to sleep in while being carried) cheese cutter - a kitchen utensil (board or handle) with a wire for cutting cheese coffee cup - a cup from which coffee is drunk coffeepot - tall pot in which coffee is brewed cricket bat, bat - the club used in playing cricket; "a cricket bat has a narrow handle and a broad flat end for hitting" crop - the stock or handle of a whip eating utensil, cutlery - tableware implements for cutting and eating food edge tool - any cutting tool with a sharp cutting edge (as a chisel or knife or plane or gouge) faucet, spigot - a regulator for controlling the flow of a liquid from a reservoir frying pan, frypan, skillet - a pan used for frying foods haft, helve - the handle of a weapon or tool handbarrow - a rectangular frame with handles at both ends; carried by two people handcart, pushcart, cart, go-cart - wheeled vehicle that can be pushed by a person; may have one or two or four wheels; "he used a handcart to carry the rocks away"; "their pushcart was piled high with groceries" handlebar - the shaped bar used to steer a bicycle French telephone, handset - telephone set with the mouthpiece and earpiece mounted on a single handle hand tool - a tool used with workers' hands hilt - the handle of a sword or dagger hoe handle - the handle of a hoe knob - a round handle ladle - a spoon-shaped vessel with a long handle; frequently used to transfer liquids from one container to another mop handle - the handle of a mop mug - with handle and usually cylindrical panhandle - the handle of a pan saddlebow, pommel - handgrip formed by the raised front part of a saddle pommel - a handgrip that a gymnast uses when performing exercises on a pommel horse racquet, racket - a sports implement (usually consisting of a handle and an oval frame with a tightly interlaced network of strings) used to strike a ball (or shuttlecock) in various games rake handle - the handle of a rake saucepan - a deep pan with a handle; used for stewing or boiling shank, stem - cylinder forming a long narrow part of something spatula - a turner with a narrow flexible blade stock - the handle end of some implements or tools; "he grabbed the cue by the stock" gunstock, stock - the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or part of the support of a machine gun or artillery gun; "the rifle had been fitted with a special stock" teacup - a cup from which tea is drunk umbrella - a lightweight handheld collapsible canopy watering can, watering pot - a container with a handle and a spout with a perforated nozzle; used to sprinkle water over plants
	9.	hold - the space in a ship or aircraft for storing cargo cargo area, cargo deck, cargo hold, storage area enclosure - a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose ship - a vessel that carries passengers or freight
Verb	1.	hold - keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., "keep clean"; "hold in place"; "She always held herself as a lady"; "The students keep me on my toes" keep, maintain pressurise, pressurize - maintain a certain pressure; "the airplane cabin is pressurized"; "pressurize a space suit" preserve, uphold, carry on, continue, bear on - keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last; "preserve the peace in the family"; "continue the family tradition"; "Carry on the old traditions" hold over - keep in a position or state from an earlier period of time conserve - keep constant through physical or chemical reactions or evolutionary change; "Energy is conserved in this process" preserve - keep undisturbed for personal or private use for hunting, shooting, or fishing; "preserve the forest and the lakes" distance - keep at a distance; "we have to distance ourselves from these events in order to continue living" housekeep - maintain a household; take care of all business related to a household delay, detain, hold up - cause to be slowed down or delayed; "Traffic was delayed by the bad weather"; "she delayed the work that she didn't want to perform" stand firm, withstand, hold out, resist - stand up or offer resistance to somebody or something hold back, arrest, turn back, contain, stop, check - hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of; "Arrest the downward trend"; "Check the growth of communism in South East Asia"; "Contain the rebel movement"; "Turn back the tide of communism" live on, survive, last, live, endure, hold out, hold up, go - continue to live through hardship or adversity; "We went without water and food for 3 days"; "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America"; "The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents"; "how long can a person last without food and water?" hold over - keep in a position or state from an earlier period of time
	2.	hold - have or hold in one's hands or grip; "Hold this bowl for a moment, please"; "A crazy idea took hold of him" take hold grasp, hold on - hold firmly cling to, hold close, hold tight, clutch - hold firmly, usually with one's hands; "She clutched my arm when she got scared" cradle - hold gently and carefully; "He cradles the child in his arms" clinch - hold a boxing opponent with one or both arms so as to prevent punches interlace, interlock, lock - hold in a locking position; "He locked his hands around her neck" trap - hold or catch as if in a trap; "The gaps between the teeth trap food particles" cradle - hold or place in or as if in a cradle; "He cradled the infant in his arms" let go, let go of, release, relinquish - release, as from one's grip; "Let go of the door handle, please!"; "relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall"
	3.	hold - organize or be responsible for; "hold a reception"; "have, throw, or make a party"; "give a course" give, have, throw, make direct - be in charge of
	4.	hold - have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; "She has $1,000 in the bank"; "He has got two beautiful daughters"; "She holds a Master's degree from Harvard" have, have got maintain, sustain, keep - supply with necessities and support; "She alone sustained her family"; "The money will sustain our good cause"; "There's little to earn and many to keep" keep, hold on - retain possession of; "Can I keep my old stuffed animals?"; "She kept her maiden name after she married" keep - look after; be the keeper of; have charge of; "He keeps the shop when I am gone" maintain, keep - maintain for use and service; "I keep a car in the countryside"; "She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips" keep - have as a supply; "I always keep batteries in the freezer"; "keep food for a week in the pantry"; "She keeps a sixpack and a week's worth of supplies in the refrigerator" monopolise, monopolize - have or exploit a monopoly of; "OPEC wants to monopolize oil" wield, exert, maintain - have and exercise; "wield power and authority" stock, stockpile, carry - have on hand; "Do you carry kerosene heaters?" hold, bear - have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices; "She bears the title of Duchess"; "He held the governorship for almost a decade" feature, have - have as a feature; "This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France" carry - have or possess something abstract; "I carry her image in my mind's eye"; "I will carry the secret to my grave"; "I carry these thoughts in the back of my head"; "I carry a lot of life insurance"
	5.	hold - keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view; "take for granted"; "view as important"; "hold these truths to be self-evident"; "I hold him personally responsible" deem, take for, view as hold - assert or affirm; "Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good" consider, regard, view, reckon, see - deem to be; "She views this quite differently from me"; "I consider her to be shallow"; "I don't see the situation quite as negatively as you do"
	6.	hold - maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings); "bear a grudge"; "entertain interesting notions"; "harbor a resentment" harbor, nurse, entertain, harbour feel, experience - undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind; "She felt resentful"; "He felt regret"
	7.	hold - to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement; "This holds the local until the express passengers change trains"; "About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade"; "The illegal immigrants were held at a detention center"; "The terrorists held the journalists for ransom" restrain, confine disable, disenable, incapacitate - make unable to perform a certain action; "disable this command on your computer" tie down, tie up, truss, bind - secure with or as if with ropes; "tie down the prisoners"; "tie up the old newspapers and bring them to the recycling shed" fetter, shackle - restrain with fetters enchain - restrain or bind with chains pinion, shackle - bind the arms of impound, pound - place or shut up in a pound; "pound the cows so they don't stray" pound up, pound - shut up or confine in any enclosure or within any bounds or limits; "The prisoners are safely pounded" pen up, fold - confine in a fold, like sheep ground - confine or restrict to the ground; "After the accident, they grounded the plane and the pilot"
	8.	hold - secure and keep for possible future use or application; "The landlord retained the security deposit"; "I reserve the right to disagree" keep back, retain, hold back keep, hold on - retain possession of; "Can I keep my old stuffed animals?"; "She kept her maiden name after she married" hold down - keep; "She manages to hold down two jobs"
	9.	hold - have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices; "She bears the title of Duchess"; "He held the governorship for almost a decade" bear have, have got, hold - have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; "She has $1,000 in the bank"; "He has got two beautiful daughters"; "She holds a Master's degree from Harvard"
	10.	hold - be the physical support of; carry the weight of; "The beam holds up the roof"; "He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam"; "What's holding that mirror?" hold up, support, sustain scaffold - provide with a scaffold for support; "scaffold the building before painting it" block - support, secure, or raise with a block; "block a plate for printing"; "block the wheels of a car" carry - bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure,or responsibility of; "His efforts carried the entire project"; "How many credits is this student carrying?"; "We carry a very large mortgage" chock - support on chocks; "chock the boat" buoy, buoy up - keep afloat; "The life vest buoyed him up" pole - support on poles; "pole climbing plants like beans" bracket - support with brackets; "bracket bookshelves" underpin - support from beneath prop, prop up, shore up, shore - support by placing against something solid or rigid; "shore and buttress an old building" truss - support structurally; "truss the roofs"; "trussed bridges" brace - support by bracing
	11.	hold - contain or hold; have within; "The jar carries wine"; "The canteen holds fresh water"; "This can contains water" contain, bear, carry include - have as a part, be made up out of; "The list includes the names of many famous writers" contain, hold, take - be capable of holding or containing; "This box won't take all the items"; "The flask holds one gallon" retain - hold back within; "This soil retains water"; "I retain this drug for a long time"; "the dam retains the water" hold in, enclose, confine - close in; darkness enclosed him"
	12.	hold - have room for; hold without crowding; "This hotel can accommodate 250 guests"; "The theater admits 300 people"; "The auditorium can't hold more than 500 people" accommodate, admit contain, hold, take - be capable of holding or containing; "This box won't take all the items"; "The flask holds one gallon" sleep - be able to accommodate for sleeping; "This tent sleeps six people" house - contain or cover; "This box houses the gears" seat - be able to seat; "The theater seats 2,000"
	13.	hold - remain in a certain state, position, or condition; "The weather held"; "They held on the road and kept marching" continue, go on, keep, go along, proceed - continue a certain state, condition, or activity; "Keep on working!"; "We continued to work into the night"; "Keep smiling"; "We went on working until well past midnight"
	14.	hold - support or hold in a certain manner; "She holds her head high"; "He carried himself upright" carry, bear sling - hold or carry in a sling; "he cannot button his shirt with his slinged arm" stoop - carry oneself, often habitually, with head, shoulders, and upper back bent forward; "The old man was stooping but he could walk around without a cane" piggyback - support on the back and shoulders; "He piggybacked her child so she could see the show" balance, poise - hold or carry in equilibrium deport, comport, acquit, behave, conduct, bear, carry - behave in a certain manner; "She carried herself well"; "he bore himself with dignity"; "They conducted themselves well during these difficult times"
	15.	hold - be valid, applicable, or true; "This theory still holds" prevail, obtain exist, be - have an existence, be extant; "Is there a God?"
	16.	hold - assert or affirm; "Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good" deem, take for, view as, hold - keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view; "take for granted"; "view as important"; "hold these truths to be self-evident"; "I hold him personally responsible" avow, swan, swear, affirm, assert, aver, verify - to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I swear I am innocent"
	17.	hold - have as a major characteristic; "The novel holds many surprises"; "The book holds in store much valuable advise" be - have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
	18.	hold - be capable of holding or containing; "This box won't take all the items"; "The flask holds one gallon" contain, take be - have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer" contain, bear, carry, hold - contain or hold; have within; "The jar carries wine"; "The canteen holds fresh water"; "This can contains water" accommodate, admit, hold - have room for; hold without crowding; "This hotel can accommodate 250 guests"; "The theater admits 300 people"; "The auditorium can't hold more than 500 people"
	19.	hold - arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance; "reserve me a seat on a flight"; "The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family"; "please hold a table at Maxim's" book, reserve call for, request, bespeak, quest - express the need or desire for; ask for; "She requested an extra bed in her room"; "She called for room service" reserve - obtain or arrange (for oneself) in advance; "We managed to reserve a table at Maxim's" hold open, keep open, save, keep - retain rights to; "keep my job for me while I give birth"; "keep my seat, please"; "keep open the possibility of a merger"
	20.	hold - protect against a challenge or attack; "Hold that position behind the trees!"; "Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks" defend, guard protect - shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage; "Weatherbeater protects your roof from the rain" hold - take and maintain control over, often by violent means; "The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week"
	21.	hold - bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted; "He's held by a contract"; "I'll hold you by your promise" oblige, obligate, bind pledge - bind or secure by a pledge; "I was pledged to silence" article - bind by a contract; especially for a training period indenture, indent - bind by or as if by indentures, as of an apprentice or servant; "an indentured servant" tie down - restrain from independence by an obligation; "He was tied down by his work" relate - have or establish a relationship to; "She relates well to her peers"
	22.	hold - hold the attention of; "The soprano held the audience"; "This story held our interest"; "She can hold an audience spellbound" bewitch, captivate, charm, enamor, enamour, entrance, trance, becharm, beguile, enchant, capture, fascinate, catch - attract; cause to be enamored; "She captured all the men's hearts"
	23.	hold - remain committed to; "I hold to these ideas" think, believe, conceive, consider - judge or regard; look upon; judge; "I think he is very smart"; "I believe her to be very smart"; "I think that he is her boyfriend"; "The racist conceives such people to be inferior"
	24.	hold - resist or confront with resistance; "The politician defied public opinion"; "The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear"; "The bridge held" defy, withstand, hold up stand firm, withstand, hold out, resist - stand up or offer resistance to somebody or something brave, brave out, weather, endure - face and withstand with courage; "She braved the elements"
	25.	hold - be pertinent or relevant or applicable; "The same laws apply to you!"; "This theory holds for all irrational numbers"; "The same rules go for everyone" go for, apply concern, have-to doe with, pertain, bear on, come to, touch on, refer, relate, touch - be relevant to; "There were lots of questions referring to her talk"; "My remark pertained to your earlier comments" lend oneself, apply - be applicable to; as to an analysis; "This theory lends itself well to our new data"
	26.	hold - stop dealing with; "hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting" postpone, prorogue, put off, defer, set back, shelve, table, put over, remit, hold over - hold back to a later time; "let's postpone the exam"
	27.	hold - lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger" curb, hold in, control, moderate, contain, check confine, limit, throttle, trammel, restrain, restrict, bound - place limits on (extent or access); "restrict the use of this parking lot"; "limit the time you can spend with your friends" conquer, inhibit, stamp down, suppress, subdue, curb - to put down by force or authority; "suppress a nascent uprising"; "stamp down on littering"; "conquer one's desires" damp - restrain or discourage; "the sudden bad news damped the joyous atmosphere" mortify, subdue, crucify - hold within limits and control; "subdue one's appetites"; "mortify the flesh" abnegate, deny - deny oneself (something); restrain, especially from indulging in some pleasure; "She denied herself wine and spirits" keep back, restrain, hold back, keep - keep under control; keep in check; "suppress a smile"; "Keep your temper"; "keep your cool" restrict - place under restrictions; limit access to; "This substance is controlled" train - cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it; "train the vine" catch - check oneself during an action; "She managed to catch herself before telling her boss what was on her mind" bate - moderate or restrain; lessen the force of; "He bated his breath when talking about this affair"; "capable of bating his enthusiasm" thermostat - control the temperature with a thermostat countercheck, counteract - oppose or check by a counteraction
	28.	hold - keep from departing; "Hold the taxi"; "Hold the horse" prevent, keep - stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state; "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"; "His snoring kept me from falling asleep"; "Keep the child from eating the marbles"
	29.	hold - take and maintain control over, often by violent means; "The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week" defend, guard, hold - protect against a challenge or attack; "Hold that position behind the trees!"; "Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks" control, command - exercise authoritative control or power over; "control the budget"; "Command the military forces"
	30.	hold - cause to stop; "Halt the engines"; "Arrest the progress"; "halt the presses" halt, arrest stop - cause to stop; "stop a car"; "stop the thief"
	31.	hold - cover as for protection against noise or smell; "She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate"; "hold one's nose" cover - provide with a covering or cause to be covered; "cover her face with a handkerchief"; "cover the child with a blanket"; "cover the grave with flowers"
	32.	hold - drink alcohol without showing ill effects; "He can hold his liquor"; "he had drunk more than he could carry" carry booze, drink, fuddle - consume alcohol; "We were up drinking all night"
	33.	hold - aim, point, or direct; "Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames" aim, take aim, train, direct, take - point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards; "Please don't aim at your little brother!"; "He trained his gun on the burglar"; "Don't train your camera on the women"; "Take a swipe at one's opponent"
	34.	hold - declare to be; "She was declared incompetent"; "judge held that the defendant was innocent" adjudge, declare pass judgment, evaluate, judge - form a critical opinion of; "I cannot judge some works of modern art"; "How do you evaluate this grant proposal?" "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people" acknowledge, admit - declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of; "He admitted his errors"; "She acknowledged that she might have forgotten" superannuate - declare to be obsolete bastardise, bastardize - declare a child to be illegitimate certify - declare legally insane call - declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee; "call a runner out" beatify - declare (a dead person) to be blessed; the first step of achieving sainthood; "On Sunday, the martyr will be beatified by the Vatican" canonize, saint, canonise - declare (a dead person) to be a saint; "After he was shown to have performed a miracle, the priest was canonized" pronounce, label, judge - pronounce judgment on; "They labeled him unfit to work here" strike down, cancel - declare null and void; make ineffective; "Cancel the election results"; "strike down a law" formalise, formalize - make formal or official; "We formalized the appointment and gave him a title"
	35.	hold - be in accord; be in agreement; "We agreed on the terms of the settlement"; "I can't agree with you!"; "I hold with those who say life is sacred"; "Both philosophers concord on this point" agree, concur, concord settle - end a legal dispute by arriving at a settlement; "The two parties finally settled" conciliate, patch up, reconcile, settle, make up - come to terms; "After some discussion we finally made up" see eye to eye - be in agreement; "We never saw eye to eye on this question" concede, grant, yield - be willing to concede; "I grant you this much" subscribe, support - adopt as a belief; "I subscribe to your view on abortion" resolve, conclude - reach a conclusion after a discussion or deliberation arrange, fix up - make arrangements for; "Can you arrange a meeting with the President?" agree - achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose; "No two of my colleagues would agree on whom to elect chairman"
	36.	hold - keep from exhaling or expelling; "hold your breath" keep back, restrain, hold back, keep - keep under control; keep in check; "suppress a smile"; "Keep your temper"; "keep your cool"

hold

verb

1. carry, keep, grip, grasp, cling to, clasp, HD (S.M.S.) Hold the baby while I load the car.

2. support, take, bear, shoulder, sustain, prop, brace, HD (S.M.S.) Hold the weight with a straight arm above your head.
support break, give way, loosen, come undone

3. embrace, grasp, clutch, hug, squeeze, cradle, clasp, enfold, HD (S.M.S.) If only he would hold her close to him.

4. restrain, constrain, check, bind, curb, hamper, hinder, HD (S.M.S.) He was held in an arm lock.
restrain free, release, let go, let loose

5. accommodate, take, contain, seat, comprise, have a capacity for, HD (S.M.S.) The small bottles don't seem to hold much.

6. consider, think, believe, view, judge, regard, maintain, assume, reckon, esteem, deem, presume, entertain the idea, HD (S.M.S.) She holds that it is not admissible to ordain women.
consider deny, reject, put down, refute, disavow, disclaim

7. occupy, have, fill, maintain, retain, possess, hold down (informal), HD (S.M.S.) She has never held a ministerial post.

8. possess, have, own, bear, retain, be in possession of, HD (S.M.S.) Applicants should normally hold an Honours degree.
possess give, offer, give up, hand over, give away, turn over, bestow

9. conduct, convene, have, call, run, celebrate, carry on, assemble, preside over, officiate at, solemnize, HD (S.M.S.) They held frequent consultations concerning technical problems.
conduct cancel, postpone, call off

10. detain, arrest, confine, imprison, impound, pound, hold in custody, put in jail, HD (S.M.S.) the return of two seamen held on spying charges
detain release, free

11. (sometimes with up) continue, last, remain, stay, wear, resist, endure, persist, persevere, HD (S.M.S.) Our luck couldn't hold for ever.

12. apply, exist, be the case, stand up, operate, be in force, remain true, hold good, remain valid, HD (S.M.S.) Today, most people think that argument no longer holds.

13. keep, catch, maintain, capture, absorb, engross, HD (S.M.S.) Didn't it hold your attention?

noun

1. grip, grasp, clutch, clasp, HD (S.M.S.) He released his hold on the camera.

2. foothold, footing, purchase, leverage, vantage, anchorage, HD (S.M.S.) The idea didn't really get a hold in this country.

3. control, authority, influence, pull (informal), sway, dominance, clout (informal), mastery, dominion, ascendancy, mana (N.Z.), HD (S.M.S.) It's always useful to have a hold over people.

hold back desist, forbear, hesitate, stop yourself, restrain yourself, refrain from doing something She wanted to say something but held back.

hold forth speak, go on, discourse, lecture, preach, spout (informal), harangue, declaim, spiel (informal), descant, orate, speechify He is capable of holding forth with great eloquence.

hold off put off, delay, postpone, defer, avoid, refrain, keep from The hospital staff held off taking him in for an X-ray.

hold on wait (a minute), hang on (informal), sit tight (informal), hold your horses (informal), just a moment or second Hold on while I have a look.

hold onto something or someone

1. grab, hold, grip, clutch, cling to He was struggling to hold onto the rock above his head.

2. retain, keep, hang onto, not give away, keep possession of to enable Spurs to hold onto their striker

hold out last, continue, carry on, endure, hang on, persist, persevere, stay the course, stand fast He can only hold out for a few more weeks.

hold out against something or someone withstand, resist, fend off, keep at bay, fight They held out against two companies of troops.

hold someone back hinder, prevent, restrain, check, hamstring, hamper, inhibit, thwart, obstruct, impede Does her illness hold her back from making friends or enjoying life?

hold someone down oppress, suppress, subdue, dominate, repress, keep down, subjugate, keep under control, tyrannize some vast conspiracy to hold down the younger generation

hold someone up delay, slow down, hinder, stop, detain, retard, impede, set back Why were you holding everyone up?

hold something back

1. restrain, check, curb, control, suppress, rein (in), repress, stem the flow of Stagnation in home sales is holding back economic recovery.

2. withhold, hold in, suppress, stifle, repress, keep the lid on (informal), keep back You seem to be holding something back.

hold something down

1. keep, hold, maintain, retain He could never hold down a job.

2. keep down, fix, freeze, keep low, peg down rates necessary to hold down inflation

hold something in suppress, repress, smother, hold something back, keep something in, choke something back, fight something back Go ahead and cry. Don't hold it in.

hold something or someone dear revere, prize, treasure, cherish, appreciate, rate highly, set great store by, value highly, put on a pedestal (informal), care very much for Labour has dumped just about all it held dear a decade ago.

hold something or someone off fend off, repel, rebuff, stave off, repulse, keep off holding off a tremendous challenge

hold something out offer, give, present, extend, proffer Max held out his cup for a refill.

hold something over postpone, delay, suspend, put off, defer, adjourn, waive, take a rain check on (U.S. & Canad. informal) Further voting might be held over until tomorrow.

hold something up

1. display, show, exhibit, flourish, show off, hold aloft, present, showboat Hold it up so we can see it.

2. support, prop, brace, bolster, sustain, shore up, buttress, jack up Mills have iron pillars holding up the roof.

3. rob, mug (informal), stick up (slang, chiefly U.S.), waylay A thief ran off with hundreds of pounds after holding up a petrol station.

hold up

1. last, survive, endure, bear up, wear Children's wear is holding up well in the recession.

2. hold water (informal), be valid, be logical, be credible, be consistent I'm not sure if the argument holds up, but it's stimulating.

hold with something approve of, be in favour of, support, subscribe to, countenance, agree to or with, take kindly to I don't hold with the way they do things nowadays.

hold your own keep up, do well, hold out, keep pace, stay put, stand firm, hold fast, stand your ground, stick to your guns (informal), keep your head above water, maintain your position The Frenchman held his own against the challenger.

lay hold of something or someone grasp, grab, seize, grip, snatch, get hold of, get They laid hold of him with rough hands.

Translations

hold [ˈhəʊld]

vb [held] [ˈhɛld] (pt, pp)

(= clasp, grasp) → tenir
She held the baby → Elle tenait le bébé.
Can you hold this for a minute? → Tu peux me tenir ça une minute?

(= keep, maintain)
Hold your hands in front of your face → Levez vos mains devant vos yeux.
to hold one's back straight → se tenir droit
to hold sth shut → maintenir qch fermé(e)
to hold sth open → maintenir qch ouvert(e)
to hold the door open for sb [person] → tenir la porte à qn
to hold one's head high (= refuse to be ashamed) → garder la tête haute
to hold one's own [person] → bien se défendre
to hold one's own against sb [person] → tenir tête à qn
For a time they held their own against the imperial troops → Pendant un temps, ils tinrent tête aux troupes impériales.
to hold one's breath → retenir sa respiration
don't hold your breath! → ça n'arrivera peut-être pas de sitôt !
to hold sb's interest → maintenir l'intérêt de qn
It's hard to hold their interest → Il est difficile de maintenir leur intérêt.
to hold sb's attention → maintenir l'attention de qn en éveil
It's done in a way that will hold children's attention → C'est fait de manière à maintenir en éveil l'attention des enfants.
Stein is an impressive public speaker capable of holding the attention of large audiences for hours at a stretch → Stein est un orateur impressionnant, capable de maintenir en éveil l'attention de son auditoire pendant des heures de rang.

(= contain) → contenir
This bottle holds one litre → Cette bouteille contient un litre.
The stadium can hold 10 000 people → Le stade peut contenir 10 000 personnes.
It holds no interest for me
BUT Cela ne présente aucun intérêt pour moi.

(= cause to take place) [+ meeting] → tenir; [+ election, referendum] → tenir; [+ inquiry, investigation] → ouvrir
to hold a meeting → tenir une réunion
to hold talks with sb → s'entretenir avec qn
He has recently held talks with his advisers → Il s'est récemment entretenu avec ses conseillers.

(= detain) [+ person] → détenir
He was held for two days by the police → La police l'a détenu pendant deux jours.
I was held overnight in a cell
BUT J'ai passé la nuit dans une cellule.
to hold sb prisoner → garder qn prisonnier
to hold sb captive → garder qn en captivité
to hold sb hostage → garder qn en otage

(= believe) → maintenir, considérer
to hold that ... → être d'opinion que ...
to hold the view that ... → être d'opinion que ..., estimer que ...
I myself hold the view that → Je suis moi-même d'opinion que ...
to hold sb responsible for sth → tenir qn responsable de qch
to hold sb liable for sth → engager la responsabilité de qn pour qch, tenir qn responsable de qch
The legislation will hold parents liable when their children commit crimes → La législation engagera la responsabilité des parents pour les délits commis par leurs enfants., La législation tiendra les parents responsables des délits commis par leurs enfants.
to be held liable for sth → être tenu(e) responsable de qch
A business firm can be held liable for damages caused by employees → Une entreprise commerciale peut être tenue responsable des dommages causés par ses employés.
BUT La responsabilité d'une entreprise commerciale peut être engagée en cas de dommages causés par ses employés.

(= possess) [+ title, position] → tenir; [+ licence] → avoir, être titulaire de
He has held his position for exactly a year → Il a tenu ce poste pendant exactement un an.
BUT Il a été à ce poste pendant exactement un an.
He did not hold a firearms licence → Il n'avait pas de permis de port d'arme.
to hold shares in a company → détenir des actions dans une société
to hold office → occuper un poste, être en poste
He continues to hold the office of army Chief of Staff → Il est toujours en poste comme chef d'état-major de l'armée.
She has never held ministerial office
BUT Elle n'a jamais eu de portefeuille ministériel.
to hold public office → occuper un poste dans la fonction publique
Roman Catholics were forbidden from holding public office → Il était interdit aux catholiques d'occuper un poste dans la fonction publique.

(have the capacity to support) to hold sb's weight → supporter le poids de qn

(on telephone) to hold the line → ne pas quitter
Hold the line! → Ne quittez pas!

(= wait) hold it! → attends!

(= withstand pressure) [structure, glue, fastening] → tenir; [luck]
Their luck held → La chance était toujours de leur côté.

(= be valid) [argument] → tenir; [offer] → tenir
Your argument doesn't hold → Ton argument ne tient pas.
Will you tell her my offer still holds? → Peux-tu lui dire que mon offre tient toujours ?

(= keep) to hold still [person] → arrêter de bouger, se tenir tranquille
Can't you hold still for a second? → Tu peux arrêter de bouger une seconde ?
to hold steady [person] → tenir bon
to hold tight (to stop o.s. from falling over) → se cramponner; (hold off from a particular course of action) → tenir bon, camper sur ses positions
Investors would be well advised to hold tight → Les investisseurs seraient bien avisés de camper sur leurs positions.

(on telephone) → rester en ligne
The line's engaged: will you hold? → C'est occupé : vous restez en ligne?

(= grip) → prise f
He released his hold on the camera → Il relâcha sa prise sur l'appareil photo.
to grab hold of sth/sb (= grasp) → se saisir de qch/qn
to catch hold of sth/sb (= grab) → se saisir de qch/qn
A doctor and a nurse caught hold of his arms → Un médecin et une infirmière se saisirent de ses bras.
to take hold of sth/sb (= grab) → attraper qch/qn
Mother took hold of the barking dogs by their collars → Mère attrapa les chiens qui aboyaient par leur collier.
to take hold of sb (= overwhelm) [emotion, excitement] → s'emparer de qn
She felt a strange excitement taking hold of her → Elle sentit une étrange excitation s'emparer d'elle.
to get hold of sth/sb (= grab) → se saisir de qch/qn
He got hold of my arm → Il se saisit de mon bras. (= manage to find) → mettre la main sur qch/qn
I couldn't get hold of it → Je n'ai pas réussi à mettre la main dessus.

(fig) → emprise f
to have a hold over sb → avoir une emprise sur qn
Because he once loved her, she still has a hold on him → Parce qu'il l'avait jadis aimée, elle avait toujours une emprise sur lui.

to put sth on hold → mettre qch en attente

(on phone) to put sb on hold → mettre qn en attente

[ship] → cale f

hold against

vt sep
to hold sth against sb → tenir rigueur de qch à qn
I don't hold it against him → Je ne lui en tiens pas rigueur.

hold back

vt sep

(= restrain) [+ person, crowd] → retenir
to hold back one's tears → retenir ses larmes
to hold back one's laughter → s'efforcer de ne pas éclater de rire

(= hinder, inhibit) [+ person] [situation, conditions] → être un obstacle pour; [person] → brider; [+ recovery] → retarder
She wanted to be an actress but her dyslexia held her back → Elle voulait être actrice, mais sa dyslexie a été un obstacle pour elle.
She's very ambitious, so don't try to hold her back → Elle est très ambitieuse, n'essaie pas de la brider.
to hold sb back from doing sth → retenir qn de faire qch
Sydney's pride held him back from relying on her too much → C'est son orgueil qui retenait Sydney de trop dépendre d'elle.
What's holding him back from making a final decision? → Qu'est-ce qui le retient de prendre une décision sans appel ?

(= keep to o.s.) [+ secret] → garder pour soi; [+ information] → garder pour soi
What helpful information do you believe I have held back? → Quelle information utile crois-tu que j'ai gardée pour moi?
Are you holding something back? → Tu me caches quelque chose ?

vi (= hesitate before acting) → temporiser
The administration had several reasons for holding back → L'administration avait ses raisons de temporiser.
to hold back from doing sth → attendre avant de faire qch
Ministers held back from making the bad news public → Les ministres ont attendu avant de rendre publique la mauvaise nouvelle., Les ministres ont retardé la diffusion de la mauvaise nouvelle.

hold down

vt sep

(physically) [+ person] → maintenir à terre

[+ costs, prices, inflation] → maintenir au plus bas, maintenir un bas niveau de

[+ job] (= have) → occuper (= keep) → garder

hold forth

vi → pérorer

hold off

vt sep [+ challenger, competitor] → maintenir à distance

[person]
They threatened military action but have held off until now → Ils ont menacé d'intervenir militairement mais n'ont rien fait jusqu'à maintenant.
to hold off doing sth
He has held off planting the seeds → Il a remis les plantations à plus tard.

[rain]
if the rain holds off → s'il ne se met pas à pleuvoir

hold on

(to surface, cliff etc) → tenir bon
The rope was wet, but Nancy held on → La corde était mouillée mais Nancy tint bon.

(= wait) → attendre
Hold on, I'm coming! → Attends-moi, j'arrive!
hold on! (on phone) → ne quittez pas!

hold on to

vt fus

(= grip) [+ surface, rope, object] → se cramponner à
He held on to the chair → Il se cramponnait à la chaise.

(= keep) → conserver, garder

hold out

vt sep

[+ object] → tendre
to hold one's hand out → tendre la main

vi (= resist) → résister, tenir bon
to hold out against → résister devant, tenir bon devant
to hold out for sth → tenir bon pour obtenir qch
I should have held out for better terms → J'aurais dû tenir bon pour obtenir de meilleures conditions.

hold over

vt sep [+ event, meeting] → ajourner, reporter

hold up

vt sep

(= raise) → lever
to hold up one's hand → lever la main
Pierre held up his hand → Pierre a levé la main.

(= support) [+ object, person] → soutenir
These books hold the bed up → Le lit repose sur ces livres., Ces livres soutiennent le lit.

(= delay) [+ person] → retenir; [+ traffic] → ralentir
I was held up at the office → J'ai été retenu au bureau.

(= rob) → braquer
to hold up a bank → braquer une banque
to hold sb up at gunpoint → tenir qn en respect (avec son arme)
He held me up at gunpoint → Il me tenait en respect avec son arme.

hold with

vt fus (= tolerate) → apprécier
I don't hold with this so-called modern art → Je n'apprécie pas ce soi-disant art moderne.

hold vb: pret, ptp <held>

NOUN

= grip, clutch → Griff m; (Mountaineering) → Halt m no pl; (Wrestling) → Griff m; I tried to break free from his hold → ich versuchte, mich aus seinem Griff zu befreien; the rock face offers few holds to climbers → die Felswand bietet dem Bergsteiger wenig Halt; to release/loosen one’s hold on somebody/something → jdn/etw loslassen; to have a firm hold on somebody (lit) → jdn festhalten
? to have/get/keep etc (a) hold of to have/catch hold of something (lit) → etw festhalten/fassen or packen; to keep hold of something → etw nicht loslassen; (= keep) → etw behalten; to seize or grab hold of somebody/something → jdn/etw fassen or packen; grab hold of my hand → fass mich bei der Hand; to get or take (a) hold of something → sich an etw (dat) → festhalten; to get or lay hold of something (fig: = obtain) → etw finden or auftreiben (inf); guns, drugs → etw in die Finger bekommen; information, story, facts → etw in Erfahrung bringen; where did you get hold of that idea? → wie kommst du denn auf die Idee?; to get hold of somebody (fig) → jdn finden or auftreiben (inf); (on phone etc) → jdn erreichen; to get (a) hold of oneself (fig) → sich in den Griff bekommen; get (a) hold of yourself! → reiß dich zusammen!
? to lose one’s hold → den Halt verlieren; he lost his hold and fell → er verlor den Halt und stürzte ab; to lose one’s hold on life → mit dem Leben nicht mehr fertig werden; he’s lost his hold on reality → er hat den Sinn für die Realität verloren
? to take hold (person: of rope, support) → sich festhalten; (fig, custom, practice, fashion, idea) → sich durchsetzen; (fire, epidemic) → sich ausbreiten; (disease) → sich verschlimmern; (recession) → sich breitmachen; (truce, ceasefire) → andauern
? on hold to be on hold → warten; (fig) → auf Eis liegen; to put somebody on hold (Telec) → jdn auf Wartestellung schalten; (in larger organizations) → jdn auf die Warteschlange legen; to put something on hold (fig, decision, plan, career) → etw auf Eis legen; can we put this discussion on hold? → können wir diese Diskussion unterbrechen?
? no holds barred when those two have a row, there are no holds barred (fig) → wenn die beiden sich streiten, dann kennen sie nichts mehr (inf) → or kein Pardon (inf)

= influence → Einfluss m (→ over auf +acc)
? hold on or over sb/sth to have a hold over or on somebody → (großen) Einfluss auf jdn ausüben; audience, followers → jdn in seiner Gewalt haben; to have a firm hold on somebody (fig) → jdn fest im Griff haben; he hasn’t got any hold on or over me → er kann mir nichts anhaben; she still has a hold on him → sie hat ihn immer noch in der Hand; the president has consolidated his hold on power → der Präsident hat seine Macht gefestigt

of hairspray, mousse → Halt m; firm/extra hold → fester/zusätzlicher Halt

Naut, Aviat → Laderaum m, → Frachtraum m

TRANSITIVE VERB

= grasp, grip → halten; to hold one’s sides with laughter → sich (dat) → den Bauch vor Lachen halten; to hold somebody/something tight → jdn/etw (ganz) festhalten; the frightened children held each other tight → die verängstigten Kinder klammerten sich aneinander; this car holds the road well → dieses Auto hat eine gute Straßenlage; to hold something in place → etw (fest)halten
? to hold hands → sich an der Hand halten, sich anfassen; (lovers, children etc) → Händchen halten; to walk along holding hands → angefasst gehen

= carry, maintain → halten; to hold oneself upright → sich gerade or aufrecht halten; to hold oneself/something ready or in readiness → sich/etw bereithalten

= contain → enthalten; (= have capacity etc of: bottle, tank etc) → fassen; (= have room for: bus, plane, hall etc) → Platz haben für; this room holds twenty people → in diesem Raum haben zwanzig Personen Platz; this CD rack holds 20 CDs → in diesem CD-Ständer haben 20 CDs Platz; this holds the radar equipment → dies enthält die Radarausrüstung; my brain can’t hold so much information at one time → so viel kann ich nicht auf einmal behalten; what does the future hold (for us)? → was bringt or birgt (geh) → (uns) die Zukunft?; death holds no fears for them → der Tod hat or birgt (geh) → nichts Beängstigendes für sie

= believe → meinen; (= maintain) → behaupten; it was universally held that Andy was an excellent teacher → alle meinten, dass Andy ein hervorragender Lehrer sei; I have always held that … → ich habe schon immer behauptet, dass …; to hold something to be true/false/immoral etc → etw für wahr/falsch/unmoralisch etc halten; to hold the belief that … → glauben, dass …; to hold the view or opinion that … → die Meinung vertreten, dass …; the court held that … → das Gericht entschied, dass…

= consider to hold somebody responsible (for something) → jdn (für etw) verantwortlich machen; she held the memory of her late husband dear → sie hielt das Andenken an ihren verstorbenen Mann hoch; she held her youngest grandchild dear → ihr jüngstes Enkelkind bedeutete ihr sehr viel or war ihr teuer (liter)

= restrain, retain, keep back train → aufhalten; one’s breath → anhalten; suspect, hostages etc → festhalten; parcel, confiscated goods etc → zurückhalten; to hold somebody (prisoner) → jdn gefangen halten; to hold somebody hostage → jdn als Geisel festhalten; there’s no holding him → er ist nicht zu bremsen (inf); hold everything! (inf) → stop!; hold the line! → bleiben Sie am Apparat!; hold hard, hold your horses (inf) → immer mit der Ruhe, immer sachte mit den jungen Pferden! (inf)
? to hold one’s fire (= not shoot) → nicht schießen; (fig: = delay action) → sich zurückhalten
? to hold one’s breath (lit) → den Atem anhalten; don’t hold your breath! (iro) → erwarte nicht zu viel!
? hold it! (inf) → Momentchen (inf), → Moment mal (inf); hold it there! (when taking photograph) → so ist gut; hold it right there, buster (inf) → keine Bewegung, Freundchen (inf)

= possess, occupy post, position → innehaben, bekleiden (form); passport, permit, degree → haben; power → haben, besitzen; (Fin) shares → besitzen; (= have) records → führen; file → haben; (= store: on computer, disk) → speichern; (Sport) record → halten; (Mil) position → halten; (against attack) → behaupten, halten; the family holds most of the shares → die meisten Aktien sind or befinden sich in den Händen or im Besitz der Familie; when Spain held vast territories in South America → als Spanien riesige Besitzungen in Südamerika hatte; she holds the key to the mystery → sie hat den Schlüssel zu dem Geheimnis; to hold office → im Amt sein

= keep, not let go to hold its value → seinen Wert behalten; to hold one’s own → sich behaupten (können); to hold course for (Naut) → Kurs halten auf (+acc); to hold one’s course → die Richtung beibehalten; to hold one’s serve (Tennis) → den Aufschlag behalten; to hold somebody’s attention → jds Aufmerksamkeit fesseln; to hold somebody’s interest → jds Interesse wachhalten; to hold a note (Mus) → einen Ton halten
? to hold sb to sth I’ll hold you to your promise or to that! → ich werde Sie beim Wort nehmen

= organize, have meeting, session, debate, election → abhalten; talks → führen; party → geben; (Eccl) service → (ab)halten; services are held every Sunday at 11 am → Gottesdienst findet jeden Sonntag um 11 Uhr statt; to hold a check on somebody/something → jdn/etw kontrollieren; to hold a conversation → eine Unterhaltung führen or haben, sich unterhalten

= cope with he can’t hold his liquor → er verträgt nichts; she can hold her drink (esp Brit) → sie verträgt was

INTRANSITIVE VERB

rope, nail, roof etc → halten; to hold firm or fast → halten

person to hold still → still halten; to hold tight → festhalten; he held tight to his assertion → er hielt an seiner Behauptung fest

Telec please hold! → bitte bleiben Sie am Apparat!; I’ve been holding for five minutes → ich warte schon fünf Minuten

= continue will the weather hold? → wird sich das Wetter wohl halten?; if his luck holds → wenn ihm das Glück treu bleibt

= be valid, apply to → gelten; theory → stimmen; to hold good (rule, promise etc) → gelten; it holds for all these cases → es gilt in allen diesen Fällen or für alle diese Fälle

PHRASAL VERBS
? hold against vt always separate to hold something against somebody → jdm etw übel nehmen or verübeln; criminal record, past failings → jdm etw anlasten or zur Last legen
? hold back vi (= stay back, hesitate, not perform fully) → sich zurückhalten; (= fail to act) → zögern; I think he’s holding back, he knows more → ich glaube, er weiß mehr und rückt nur nicht mit der Sprache heraus; I held back from telling him just what I thought of him → ich unterließ es, ihm meine Meinung zu sagen vt sep

crowd → zurückhalten; river, floods → (auf)stauen; tears → zurückhalten, unterdrücken; emotions → verbergen, unterdrücken; to hold somebody back from doing something → jdn daran hindern, etw zu tun

(= prevent from making progress) → daran hindern, voranzukommen; he would let nothing hold him back from getting his way → nichts kann ihn daran hindern, seinen Willen durchzusetzen; nothing can hold him back now → jetzt ist er nicht mehr aufzuhalten

(= withhold) → verheimlichen, verbergen; information, report → geheim halten; pay increase → verzögern; he was holding something back from me → er verheimlichte or verbarg mir etwas

? hold down vt sep

(= keep on the ground) → niederhalten, unten halten; (= keep in its place) → (fest)halten; (= oppress) country, people → unterdrücken; (= keep in check) → unter Kontrolle haben; (= keep low) prices, costs, numbers, pressure → niedrig halten; to hold one’s head down → den Kopf senken

job → haben; he can’t hold any job down for long → er kann sich in keiner Stellung lange halten

? hold forth vi → sich ergehen (geh), → sich auslassen (→ on über +acc) vt sep (form, = offer) → bieten
? hold in vt sep stomach → einziehen; emotions → zurückhalten; horse → zurückhalten, zügeln; to hold in one’s anger → seinen Ärger unterdrücken; to hold oneself in (emotionally) → sich beherrschen, an sich halten
? hold off vi

(= keep away) → sich fernhalten (from von); (= not act) → warten; (enemy) → nicht angreifen; they held off where they should have intervened → sie hätten eingreifen sollen, haben sich aber zurückgehalten; they held off eating until she arrived → sie warteten mit dem Essen, bis sie kam

(rain, storm) → ausbleiben; I hope the rain holds off → ich hoffe, dass es nicht regnet

vt sep (= keep back, resist) enemy, attack, challenge → abwehren; inflation → eindämmen; how much longer can she go on holding him off? → wie lange kann sie ihn wohl noch hinhalten?
? hold on vi (lit: = maintain grip) → sich festhalten; (= endure, resist) → durchhalten, aushalten; (= wait) → warten; hold on (a minute)! → Moment!; (Telec) → einen Moment bitte!; now hold on a minute! → Moment mal! vt sep → (fest)halten; to be held on by something → mit etw befestigt sein; this Sellotape won’t hold it on → mit dem Tesafilm hält das nicht
? hold on to vi +prep obj

(lit) → festhalten; here, hold on to this! → halt das mal (fest)!; he was holding on to the ledge → er hielt or klammerte sich am Felsvorsprung fest; they held on to each other → sie hielten sich aneinander fest, sie klammerten sich aneinander

(fig) hope → nicht aufgeben; idea, belief → festhalten an (+dat)

(= keep) → behalten; position → beibehalten; staff → halten; to hold on to the lead → in Führung bleiben; to hold on to power → sich an der Macht halten

? hold out vi

(supplies etc) → reichen

(= endure, resist) → aushalten, durchhalten; (= refuse to yield) → nicht nachgeben; to hold out against somebody/something → sich gegen jdn/etw behaupten; to hold out for something → auf etw (dat) → bestehen

vt sep

(lit) → vorstrecken, ausstrecken; to hold out something to somebody → jdm etw hinhalten; to hold out one’s hand → die Hand ausstrecken; hold your hand out → halt die Hand auf; she held out her arms → sie breitete die Arme aus

(fig) prospects → bieten; offer → machen; I held out little hope of seeing him again → ich machte mir nur wenig Hoffnung, ihn wiederzusehen

? hold out on vi +prep obj (inf) you’ve been holding out on me → du verheimlichst mir doch was (inf)
? hold over vt sep

question, matter → vertagen; meeting also, decision → verschieben (→ until auf +acc)

to hold something over somebody (= threaten) → jdn etw nicht vergessen lassen; he held it over me as a threat → er bedrohte mich damit

? hold to vi +prep obj → festhalten an (+dat), → bleiben bei; I hold to my belief that … → ich bleibe dabei, dass …; you should hold to the assurance you gave them → Sie sollten Ihr Wort ihnen gegenüber einhalten
? hold together vt sep → zusammenhalten vi → zusammenhalten
? hold under vt sep country, race → unterdrücken, knechten
? hold up vi

(tent, wall etc) → stehen bleiben; (light fitting, tile etc) → halten

(belief) → standhalten; (theory) → sich halten lassen; their support held up well in the election → ihre Anhänger blieben ihnen bei der Wahl treu

vt sep

(= raise) → hochheben, hochhalten; face → nach oben wenden; hold up your hand → heb die Hand; to hold something up to the light → etw gegen das Licht halten

(= support, from above) → halten; (from the side) → stützen; (from beneath) → tragen

to hold somebody/something up to ridicule/scorn → jdn/etw lächerlich/verächtlich machen; to hold somebody up as an example → jdn als Beispiel hinstellen; I don’t want to hold him up as the perfect statesman/goalkeeper etc but … → ich möchte ihn nicht als den perfekten Politiker/Torwart etc hinstellen, aber …

(= stop) → anhalten; (= delay) people → aufhalten; traffic, production → ins Stocken bringen; talks, delivery → verzögern; my application was held up by the postal strike → durch den Poststreik hat sich meine Bewerbung verspätet

(robbers) bank, person, vehicle → überfallen

? hold with vi +prep obj (inf) I don’t hold with that → ich bin gegen so was (inf)

hold:

holdout

n (US) → Verweigerer m; Britain was the only hold on this agreement → Großbritannien war das einzige Land, das sich dieser Vereinbarung widersetzte

hold-up

(= delay) → Verzögerung f; (of traffic) → Stockung f; what’s the hold? → warum dauert das so lange?; the strike caused a two-week hold in production → der Streik brachte die Produktion zwei Wochen lang ins Stocken

(= armed robbery) → bewaffneter Raubüberfall; (hands up,) this is a hold! → Hände hoch, das ist ein Überfall!

hold [həʊld] (held (vb: pt, pp))

1. n

a. → presa
to seize or grab hold of sth/sb → afferrare qc/qn
to catch or get (a) hold of → afferrare, attaccarsi a
to get hold of sb (fig) (contact) → mettersi in contatto con qn
where can I get hold of some red paint? → dove posso trovare della vernice rossa?
to get (a) hold of o.s. (fig) → trattenersi, controllarsi
no holds barred (fig) → senza esclusione di colpi
to have a hold over sb (fig) → avere un forte ascendente or molta influenza su qn

b. (Naut, Aer) → stiva

c. (Mountaineering) → appiglio

2. vt

a. (gen) → tenere; (contain) → contenere (fig) (audience) → mantenere viva l'attenzione di; (attention, interest) → mantenere; (belief, opinion) → avere
to hold hands → tenersi per mano
to hold a baby → tenere in braccio un bambino
the hall holds 500 people → nella sala c'è posto per 500 persone
the chair won't hold you → la sedia non sopporterà il tuo peso
to hold o.s. upright/ready → tenersi dritto/a/pronto/a
to hold one's head high → andare a testa alta
to hold sb to a promise → far mantenere una promessa a qn
to hold one's own → sapersi difendere, difendersi bene
she holds the view that ... → è del parere che...
to hold the line (Telec) → rimanere or restare in linea
this car holds the road well → questa macchina tiene bene la strada
what does the future hold? → cosa ci riserva il futuro?

b. (restrain, person) → trattenere
to hold sb prisoner → tenere prigioniero qn
there's no holding him → non lo ferma più nessuno
to hold one's breath → trattenere il respiro or il fiato
I held my breath in amazement → sono rimasto a bocca aperta per lo stupore
to hold one's tongue (fig) → tacere, star zitto/a
hold it! (fam) → alt!, fermati!

c. (position, title, passport) → avere; (shares) (Fin) → possedere, avere; (record) (Sport) → detenere; (position) (Mil) → tenere, mantenere
to hold office (Pol) → essere in carica

d. (meeting, election) → tenere, indire; (conversation) → tenere, sostenere (Rel) (service) → celebrare

e. (consider) to hold (that) → ritenere (che), sostenere (che)
to hold sb in high esteem → avere molta stima di qn
to hold sth/sb dear → tenere molto a qc/qn
to hold sb responsible for sth → considerare or ritenere qn responsabile di qc

3. vi (rope, nail) → tenere; (continue) → mantenersi, durare; (be valid) → essere valido/a
to hold firm or fast → resistere bene, tenere

hold against vt + prep to hold sth against sb (fig) → volerne a qn per qc

hold back

1. vi + adv to hold back from sth → tirarsi indietro da qc
to hold back from doing sth → trattenersi dal fare qc
he always holds back when he meets new people → quando incontra gente nuova è sempre poco espansivo

2. vt + adv

a. (restrain, crowd, river) → trattenere, contenere; (emotions, tears) → trattenere, frenare
to hold sb back from doing sth → impedire a qn di fare qc

b. (information, name) → nascondere, non dare, celare
he's holding something back → non sta dicendo tutta la verità

hold down vt + adv

a. (keep low, on ground) → tener giù; (keep in place) → tener fermo/a

b. (job) → conservare, mantenere

hold forth vi + adv → fare or tenere una concione

hold in vt + adv (stomach) → tirare or tenere in dentro
to hold o.s. in (fig) → frenarsi, trattenersi

hold off

1. vt + adv (enemy) → tenere a distanza; (attack) → sventare; (visitor) → far aspettare

2. vi + adv (rain) if the rain holds off → se non si mette a piovere

hold on

1. vi + adv (endure) → resistere; (wait) → aspettare
hold on! (Telec) → resti in linea!

2. vt + adv → tenere a posto

hold on to vi + adv + prep (grasp) → tenersi (attaccato/a) a, tenersi (stretto/a) a; (keep) → tenere, conservare (fig) (retain, hope) → rimanere aggrappato/a a

hold out

1. vi + adv

a. (supplies) → durare

b. (stand firm) → tener duro
to hold out for more money (fam) → continuare a chiedere più soldi
to hold out (against) → resistere (a)

2. vt + adv to hold out (sth to sb) → allungare (qc a qn); (one's arms, hand) → tendere (fig) (offer) → presentare, offrire; (hope) → nutrire

hold out on vi + adv + prep you've been holding out on me! (fam) → mi hai tenuto nascosto qualcosa!

hold over vt + adv (meeting) → rimandare, rinviare

hold together

1. vi + adv (group) → restare unito/a

2. vt + adv (factions) → tenere uniti/e

hold up

1. vt + adv

a. (raise) → sollevare, alzare
hold up your hand → alza la mano
to hold sth up to the light → alzare qc verso la luce

b. (support, roof) → sostenere

c. (delay, person) → trattenere; (traffic) → rallentare; (stop) → bloccare

d. (rob, bank) → assaltare; (person) → assalire

2. vi + adv (survive, last) → resistere
how are your shoes holding up? → in che stato sono le tue scarpe?

hold with vi + prep (fam) she doesn't hold with gambling → è contraria al gioco d'azzardo

hold¹

v hold [həuld]

1 to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail. hou يَحْمِلُ في يده държа držet holde halten κρατώ tener en las manos, agarrar, asir hoidma نگاه داشتن pitää tenir לְהַחֲזִיק मजबूती से पकड़ना držati, imati u ruci tart memegang halda (á/með/um) tenere 持っている (손, 팔 등으로) 들다 laikyti turēt memegang (vast)houden holde, bære trzymać segurar a ţine держать držať držati držati hålla [] กอด tutmak 握, 拿 тримати; держати پکڑنا cầm, nắm, giữ 把握,拿

2 to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers. hou يُمْسِكُ ب държа držet holde halten κρατώ tener; aguantar hoidma در دست داشتن pitää tenir לְהַחֲזִיק पकड़ना držati (u ruci, zubima) (meg)fog memegang halda (á) tenere はさんで持つ 잡다, 쥐다 laikyti []turēt menggigit; mengepit; menyepit (vast)houden holde trzymać segurar a ţine держать držať držati držati hålla กอด tutmak 夾住 тримати گرفت میں لینا nắm; giữ 夹住

3 to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle. hou يَرْفَعُ، يُثَبِّت държа držet holde halten (συγ)κρατώ aguantar, soportar hoidma نگه داشتن kannatella, pitää retenir לְהַחֲזִיק स्थिति में बनाए रखना pridržavati, držati da se ne mice (vissza)tart menahan halda (uppi/föstum) tenere, trattenere 支えている 움직임을 멈추게 하다 laikyti []turēt menahan houden holde (oppe) trzymać, przytrzymywać segurar a (sus)ţine удерживать držať (za)držati držati hålla เก็บเอาไว้ tutmak 托住，扶住 тримати تھام کے رکھنا giữ chắc 托住

4 to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm? hou يَصْمُد، يبقى ثابِتا държа vydržet holde halten αντέχω, βαστώ aguantar vastu pidama در جاي خود ماندن pitää tenir לְהַחֲזִיק מַעֲמָד स्थिति में रखना ne popuštati, držati (ki)tart tahan halda, þola, standast tenere 持ちこたえる 제자리에 있다 išlaikyti izturēt (smagumu) bertahan 't uithouden, niet loslaten holde (fast) wytrzymywać aguentar a rezista держаться vydržať zdržati izdržati hålla ครอบครอง tutmak (在外力下)保持固定 утримувати اپنی جگہ پر قایم رہنا giữ vững 保持，支持

5 to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder; He was held captive. hou, aanhou يَقْبِض عَلى държа (za)držet holde festhalten κρατώ detener, retener kinni hoidma جلب كردن pitää détenir לַעֲצוֹר कथित स्थिति में रखना držati zatocenim fogva tart menahan halda föngnum trattenere, tenere 拘留する (지위를) 차지하고 있다 laikyti paturēt menahan (in hechtenis) houden, vasthouden holde fanget/tilbake zatrzymać reter a (re)ţine держать zadržať zadržati zadržati hålla [] บรรจุ tutmak, alıkoymak 拘留，監禁 тримати کسی شخص کو ایک جگہ پر رکھنا bắt giữ 拘留，监禁

6 to (be able to) contain This jug holds two pints; You can't hold water in a handkerchief; This drawer holds all my shirts. bevat, hou يتَّسِعُ لِ، يَحْمِل съдържам obsahovat; udržet indeholde (ent)halten περιέχω, χωράω tener (una)capacidad de, contener mahutama, sisaldama جا گرفتن säilyttää contenir לְהָכִיל रखना obuhvacati, sadržavati tartalmaz (edény); fér (vmibe) memuat taka, rúma contenere いれる (액체 등을) 담다 (kur) tilpti, laikyti ietvert; saturēt menyimpan; menakung (kunnen) bevatten romme, inneholde (po)mieścić conter a conţine, a ţine вмещать obsahovať; udržať držati, vsebovati sadržati rymma, ha, förvara, innehålla ครอบครอง almak, içermek (可以)容納 містити اپنے اندر بھرنا chứa; chứa đựng 容纳

7 to cause to take place The meeting will be held next week; We'll hold the meeting in the hall. hou يَجْري، يَعْقِدُ случвам се konat (se) afholde abhalten οργανώνω, διενεργώ tener lugar, celebrar, organizar pidama برگذار كردن pitää tenir, avoir lieu לַעֲרוֹך आयोजन करना održa(va)ti tart, rendez melangsungkan halda, efna til tenere 開催する 생기게 하다 surengti notikt; noturēt mengadakan houden (av)holde odbywać ter lugar a (se) ţine, a rămâne проводить konať (sa) biti održati hålla, ha จัดเตรียม yap(ıl)mak, düzenle(n)mek 舉行 проводити; вести منعقد کرنا diễn ra 举行

8 to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect. hou يُبْقي، يَحْتَفِظُ ب държа се udržovat se, držet se holde halten κρατώ mantenerse hoidma نگاه داشتن pitää (se) tenir לִהיוֹת बनाए रखना držati u istom stanju tart(ja magát) bersikap halda sér, bera sig, vera hnarreistur tenersi ～にしておく 어떤 상태를 유지하다 būti, laikytis būt []; turēties bersiap sedia; berdiri houden; zijn holde (seg) trzymać się manter-se a se menţine într-o stare держаться byť, držať sa držati se držati se hålla, ha [] hållning เชื่อว่า tutmak 保持(在某狀態) триматися اپنے آپ کو کسی خاص حالت میں رکھنا giữ yên 保持

9 to have or be in (a job etc) He held the position of company secretary for five years. beklee يُشْغِلُ имам позиция като zastávat have; være beibehalten διατηρώ ocupar, desempeñar, ejercer (töökohta) pidama شاغل بودن olla occuper לְהַחֲזִיק ב- पद पर आसीन रहना raditi, biti na poziciji marad, betölt memegang jabatan gegna (stöðu) occupare 地位を保つ (직무에) 있다 eiti (pareigas), užimti (vietą) strādāt [] memegang hebben ha/bekle en stilling, sitte som zajmować stanowisko ocupar a ocupa занимать должность zastávať imeti raditi []ha, sköta อยู่ใน sahip olmak, elinde bulundurmak 擔任 займати کسی عہدہ پر رہنا giữ vị trí 担任

10 to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard I hold that this was the right decision; He holds me (to be) responsible for everyone's mistakes; He is held in great respect; He holds certain very odd beliefs. hou, het يرى أن، يعتقِد، يَعْتَبِر، يحْتَرِم смятам mít za to; považovat; chovat tro; holde die Aussicht haben θεωρώ, υποστηρίζω creer, considerar, estar seguro uskuma, arvama شمردن käsittää, pitää tenir, croire לְהַחֲזִיק בְּדֵעָה मान्यता imati mišljenje, smatrati tart yakin haldast, trúa; álíta ritenere, tenere ～と考える 신봉하다 laikyti, manyti (kad), turėti domāt; uzskatīt percaya van oordeel zijn; houden voor; geacht zijn; erop nahouden nære, ha uważać że, utrzymywać, mieć considerar a crede, a socoti; a deţine полагать; считать veriť; považovať; zachovávať verjeti, imeti (koga za kaj) smatrati anse, hålla, hysa จับไว้ sahip olmak, inanmak 堅信 гадати, вважати کسی بات پر یقین کرنا tin rằng, cho là 认为

11 to continue to be valid or apply Our offer will hold until next week; These rules hold under all circumstances. geldig wees, geld يَسْري مَفعوله، ينطبِق продължавам platit gælde gelten ισχύω ser válido, tener validez jõus olema پايدار بودن olla voimassa être valable לִהיוֹת תָקֵף जारी रहना vrijediti érvényes, hatályos berlaku gilda essere valido 効力がある 유효하다 galioti būt spēkā sah van kracht blijven gjelde, holde (seg), stå ved makt być aktualnym, obowiązywać manter-se a fi valabil иметь силу platiť veljati važiti stå kvar, gälla จัดเตรียม geçerli olmak 持續有效 мати силу کسی چیز کا جائز ہونا có hiệu lực 有效

12 (withto) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do I intend to hold him to his promises. hou aan يُلْزِم ب придържам přinutit k dodržení holde nogen fast til noget festhalten δεσμεύω hacer cumplir sõnapidamist nõudma وادار به انجام كاری كردن huolehtia obliger (qqn) à tenir ses engagements לְחַיֵיב वादा पूरा करने के लिए जोर देना držati se necega (danog obecanja) kényszerít vkit vmi megtartására memaksa láta standa við (obbligare a mantenere) 守らせる 약숙을 지키게 하다 priversti, išpildyti turēt kādu pie vārda memaksa seseorang berpegang kpd janjinya houden aan holde noen til noe, få en til å følge zmusić do dotrzymania (obietnicy) obrigar сдержать обещание prinútiť (koho) dodržať držati za držati tvinga เกาะติด zorunlu tutmak, mecbur etmek 使遵守 дотримуватися کسی سے وعدہ مکمل کرانا giữ chắc 使遵守

13 to defend They held the castle against the enemy. verdedig يُدافِع защитавам hájit holde; forsvare (stand)halten υπερασπίζομαι defender kaitsma دفاع كردن از puolustaa défendre לְהַחֲזִיק रक्षा करना držati tvrdavu, braniti megvéd mempertahankan verja difendere 守る 방어하다 ginti aizstāvēt mempertahankan beschermen holde, verne mot bronić defender a apăra защищать hájiť braniti braniti hålla, försvara คุ้มครอง korumak, savunmak 堅守 захищати مقابلہ کرنا giữ vững 坚守

14 not to be beaten by The general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long. terughou يوقِف، يَصُد задържам odolávat forsvare sig imod standhalten συγκρατώ (π.χ. τον εχθρό), αντιστέκομαι resistir (frente) kinni pidama مانع شدن puolustaa résister לַהֲדוֹף दुश्मन को रोके रखना odbijati, braniti feltartóztat melawan verjast resistere a くい止める 버텨내다 sulaikyti aizturēt mempertahankan diri drpd opgewassen zijn tegen holde ut mot powstrzymać aguentar a rezista выдерживать odolávať zadržati nasprotnika odolevati hålla stånd mot จับไว้ direnmek, baş eğmek 撐住 утримувати شکست سے بچنا giữ chắc 顶住

15 to keep (a person's attention) If you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher. hou, boei يحافِظ على إنتباه задържам udržovat holde; bevare fesseln κρατώ την προσοχή κπ. mantener tähelepanu köitma نگه داشتن pitää retenir לשלוט ध्यान खींचना stalno privlaciti (pažnju) leköt (figyelmet) mempertahankan halda athygli (tenere desto) 引きとめる (주의, 관심을) 끌어 놓치지 않다 patraukti, išlaikyti saistīt (kāda uzmanību) menguasai boeien holde oppmerksomheten utrzymywać prender a reţine удерживать udržiavať pritegniti (pozornost) držati behålla บรรจุ tutmak, sürdürmek 持續吸引(某人的注意) утримувати توجہ حاصل کرنا thu hút 吸引

16 to keep someone in a certain state Don't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision? hou يُبْقي държа udržovat holde hen abhalten κρατώ tener pidama, hoidma نگه داشتن pitää avoir lieu לְהַחֲזִיק किसी स्तर पर किसी चीज को रखना držati u istom stanju tart menahan, membuat halda upp á, fagna tenere 催す 어떤 상태를 유지하게 하다 laikyti turēt kādu (noteiktā emocionālā stāvoklī) jgn biarkan seseorang terus houden, laten (av)holde, feire przetrzymać realizar a se ţine держать udržiavať (v napätí) proslavljati držati hålla บรรจุ bırakmak 讓某人保持在某狀態 тримати کسی کو کسی خاص حالت میں رکھنا giữ yên 对...控制

17 to celebrate The festival is held on 24 June. hou يَجْري، يُقام празнувам konat se fejre innehaben γιορτάζω tener lugar, celebrarse pidama برگذار كردن pitää posséder לְהֵיעֲרֵך मनाना slaviti, svetkovati tart, megünnepel merayakan eiga tenere, avere luogo 所有する 거행하다 švęsti svinēt meraikan houden, vieren eie, besitte, sitte/ligge inne med obchodzić possuir a deţine устраивать konať sa imeti održavati hålla จัดเตรียม kutlamak, yapmak 慶祝 відзначати, святкувати جشن منانا tổ chức 庆祝

18 to be the owner of He holds shares in this company. het, besit يَمْلُك، يَحْتَفِظُ ب притежавам vlastnit eje sich halten κατέχω poseer, tener omistama مشتركآ امری را انجام دادن omistaa (se) maintenir לְהַחֲזִיק ב- स्वामी होना posjedovati birtokol memiliki haldast, breytast ekki possedere 持続する 소유하다 turėti būt īpašniekam memegang (in zijn bezit) hebben holde (seg), vare ved posiadać aguentar a (se) menţine владеть vlastniť obdržati se posedovati []ha, äga ครอบครอง sahip olmak 擁有 володіти; мати ملکیت ہونا nắm giữ 拥有

19 (of good weather) to continue I hope the weather holds until after the school sports. hou يَسْتَمِر، يَبْقى задържам се vydržet holde warten βαστώ, διατηρούμαι (για καιρό) mantenerse, aguantar jätkuma پايدار ماندن jatkua patienter לְהַמשִׁיך अच्छे मौसम का जारी रहना potrajati (vrijeme) folytatódik terus (menyangkut cuaca baik) bíða mantenersi そのまゝ待つ 계속하다 išsilaikyti (par laiku) pieturēties bertahan goed blijven (vente) et øyeblikk utrzymywać się esperar a aştepta продолжаться, держаться vydržať počakati pri telefonu održati hålla i sig เชื่อว่า sürmek, devam etmek (好天氣)持續 триматися جاری رہنا tiếp tục 请别挂（电话）等一会儿

20 (alsohold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait Mr Brown is busy at the moment – will you hold or would you like him to call you back? aanhou, 'n oomblik wag يَنْتَظِر изчаквам čekat (u telefonu) vente aushalten περιμένω (στο τηλέφωνο) esperar, aguardar ootama صبر كردن odottaa tenir לְהַמתִין עַל הַקַו (טֶלֶפוֹן) एक फोनकर्ता को कुछ देर रुकने के लिए कहना pricekati (na vezi) vár menunggu halda (tóni) aspettare 音を延ばす 대기하다 palaukti gaidīt (nenoliekot telefona klausuli) tunggu wachten holde (tonen) czekać (przy telefonie) aguentar a ţine (подо)ждать čakať (pri telefóne) držati sačekati na vezi hänga kvar i luren, vänta จับไว้ beklemek, ayrılmamak 請稍待 (不要掛斷電話) триматися فون پر موجود رہنا giữ máy điện thoại chờ người cần gặp 等（不挂断电话）

21 to continue to sing Please hold that note for four whole beats. aanhou يَسْتَمِر في الغِناء задържам držet holde aufbewahren κρατώ νότα (μουσ.) aguantar jätkama ادامه دادن pysyä garder לְהַמשִׁיך गाना जारी रखना žati istu visinu glasa (ki)tart meneruskan geyma 保管する 계속 노래를 부르다 laikyti izturēt tahan (noot) aanhouden ta vare på trzymać guardar a păstra держать držať obdržati održati hålla [] ทำให้ล่าช้า uzatmak 持續唱 тримати گانا جاری رکھنا tiếp tục hát 接着唱

22 to keep (something) They'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it. hou يحْتَفِظ، يُبْقي على държа hlídat opbevare bringen φυλάγω guardar hoidma نگه داشتن säilyttää réserver à לִשמוֹר इमानत रखना držati, cuvati (meg)őriz menyimpan hafa að geyma 予定している 보관하다 laikyti []glabāt menyimpan houden, bewaren inneholde, (ville) bringe przechowywać reservar a rezerva хранить strážiť prinesti čuvati behålla บรรจุ muhafaza etmek 保管(某物) тримати کسی چیز کو محفوظ رکھنا giữ 握住，拿着

23 (of the future) to be going to produce I wonder what the future holds for me? inhou يَجْلِب، يُعْطي، يَحْمِلُ предоставям chystat bringe bringen επιφυλάσσω deparar kätkema مقرر داشتن pitää sisällään réserver à טוֹמֵן בְּחוּבּוֹ भविष्य इत्यादि के गर्भ में होना donositi tartogat dihasilkan hafa að geyma 予定している (미래에) 생기다 žadėti (par nākotni) būt padomā; nest akan berlaku in petto hebben inneholde, (ville) bringe gotować reservar a rezerva готовить chystať prinesti donositi föra med sig อดกลั้น beklemek (未來)將帶來，將產生 чекати مستقبل میں نمایاں ہونا یا کرنا sẽ thế nào 将产生

1 the act of holding He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled; Keep hold of that rope. houvas قَبْضَه، مَسْكَه държане uchopení; držení hold; greb der Halt πιάσιμο, κράτημα control; asimiento haare عمل نگه داشتن ottaa kiinni prise אֲחִיזָה पकड़ držanje fogás pegangan tak, grip, hald つかむこと 주기, 잡기 laikymas, nusitvėrimas turēšana; satveršana memegang houvast, greep, steun, vat; aangrijpen, vastpakken; vasthouden tak, grep, hold chwyt domínio apucare удерживание uchopenie; držanie sa prijem držanje tag, grepp การควบคุม tutma, tutuş, yakalama 抓，握 схоплювання, захват گرفت میں لینے کا عمل sự cầm nắm; sự giữ chặt 抓

2 power; influence He has a strange hold over that girl. houvas قُوَّه، تَأثير влияние vliv magt; indflydelse die Gewalt εξουσία, επιρροή dominio, influencia mõjuvõim نفوذ valta emprise הַשפָּעָה प्रभाव utjecaj befolyás kekuasaan tak, vald, áhrif 支配力 지배(영향)력 galia ietekme; vara pengaruh invloed, macht makt, tak, grep wpływ influência influenţă влияние vplyv vpliv moć makt, inflytande การจับไว้ etki, nüfuz, denetim 權利，影響 влада; вплив اثر، رتبہ ảnh hưởng 权利，影响

3 (in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent The wrestler invented a new hold. greep مَسْكَة في المُصارَعَه захват chvat, hmat greb; tag der Griff λαβή (στην πάλη) llave võte نگه داشتن ote prise תְּפִיסָה पकड़ zahvat fogás (birkózásban) pegangan tak, hald 押え方 홀드, 굳히기 suėmimas tvēriens pegangan greep grep, (bryte)tak, hold chwyt golpe priză захват hmat prijem stisak grepp การดูแล tutma, tutuş (摔角等)壓制對手 захват کشتی وغیرہ میں پکڑنے کا طریقہ cách nắm giữ đối thủ 擒拿法

-holder

a person or thing that holds something a pen-holder; a ticket-holder (= a person who has a ticket for something). -houer حامِل притежател držák; držitel, -ka -holder -halter κάτοχος, θήκη poseedor; portador; tenedor -hoidja دارنده omistaja, -pidin porte-(...); détenteur/-trice מַחֲזִיק, בַּעַל धारक držalac tartó; tulajdonos pemegang -haldari,-standur; –eigandi; handhafi porta(...) －をもつもの 소유자 laikiklis, savininkas ietvars; tureklis; īpašnieks pemegang -houder -holder, –stykke, sokkel, bøyle posiadacz, okaziciel, pojemnik portador de deţinător; port-(...) держатель držiak; držiteľ, -ka imetnik -držač -hållare, innehavare เจ้าของ iye, sahip; ...-lik/lık 持有者，支托物，容器 власник, тримач کسی مخصوص شے کا حامل شخص người nắm giữ 持有者或托、夹东西的架子等

n hold-all

a (usually large) bag with a zip for packing clothes etc into. reissak حَقيبة ثِياب чанта kabela, vak rejsetaske; sæk die Reisetasche ταξιδιωτικός σάκος bolsa de viaje reisikott جعبه ابزار kassi fourre-tout תִּיק נְסִיעוֹת होल्डाल vrsta putnog kovcega (torbe) sportszatyor tas taska, tuðra (sacca da viaggio) 旅行用バッグ 잡낭 krepšys ceļasoma beg serbaguna ritstas sekk, (reise)veske torba saco de viagem портплед; сумка taška potovalna torba putna torba bag, väska กระเป๋าเดินทางขนาดใหญ่ hurç (大)旅行袋 сумка для речей کپڑے وغیرہ رکھنے والا بڑا تھیلا túi du lịch 手提包

get hold of

1 to manage to speak to I've been trying to get hold of you by phone all morning. in die hande kry يُحاوِل أن يَتَكَلَّم مع свързвам се по телефона spojit se s få fat i jemanden erwischen εντοπίζω, έρχομαι σε επαφή με κπ. ponerse en contacto con; localizar kätte saama یافتن؛ تماس گرفتن saada kiinni joindre לְהָשִׂיג אֶת बोलने का मौका मिलना doci do, dokopati se elkap bicara ná í, ná sambandi raggiungere 連絡する 연락을 취하다 pagauti, nutverti sazvanīt dapat menghubungi te pakken kunnen krijgen få tak i, nå złapać apanhar a da de застать spojiť sa s dobiti doći do nekoga få tag i (på) tutmak, yakalamak 設法連絡上 мати змогу поговорити بات کرنے کی کوشش cố tìm gặp 设法通话

2 to get, buy or obtain I've been trying to get hold of a copy of that book for years. in die hande kry يحاول الحُصول сдобивам се vyslídit få fat i; købe; opnå erwischen εξασφαλίζω, αποκτώ adquirir; conseguir; procurarse kätte saama به دست آوردن saada dénicher לְהָשִׂיג पाना, खरीदना या हासिल करना dokopati se, kupiti megkaparint (vmit) mendapatkan ná í, útvega procurarsi 手に入れる 손에 넣다 gauti iegūt mendapatkan te pakken kunnen krijgen; verkrijgen få tak i, kjøpe, finne zdobyć conseguir a pune mâna pe, a face rost приобретать dostať dobiti nabaviti få tag i (på) elde etmek, bulmak 獲得，購得，取得 отримувати حاصل کرنا، خریدنا mua; tìm 得到

hold back

1 to refuse to tell someone (something) The police were convinced the man was holding something back. terughou يُخْفي شَيئا، يَرْفُض أن يَقول крия zatajit tilbageholde verbergen αποκρύπτω esconder, guardarse algo, ocultar salgama نگفتن؛ پنهان کردن pitää omana tietonaan cacher (qqch. à qqn) לְהַסתִּיר किसी को बताने से मना करना kriti, tajiti eltitkol merahasiakan gefa ekki upp nascondere 打ち明けない 자제하다 nutylėti slēpt (patiesību u.tml.) menyimpan rahsia voor zich houden, verzwijgen holde tilbake opplysninger zataić esconder a ascunde (ceva cuiva) утаивать zatajiť prikrivati skrivati förtiga สกัดกั้น saklamak, gizlemek 隱瞞 приховувати, притаювати معلومات فراہم کرنے سے انکار کرنا giấu; giữ bí mật 隐瞒

2 to prevent from happening, being seen etc, with an effort The little girl succeeded in holding back her tears. terughou يَمْنَع، يَكْبِتُ възспирам potlačit, zadržet holde tilbage zurückhalten συγκρατώ, εμποδίζω retener, contener(se), reprimir(se) tagasi hoidma جلوی چیزی را گرفتن estää retenir לְרַסֵן अवरुद्ध करना susprezati, prijeciti visszafojt menahan halda aftur af trattenere 抑える 억제하다 sulaikyti atturēt menahan terugdringen, weerstaan holde tilbake powstrzymywać reter a reţine сдерживать zadržať zadržati zadržati hålla tillbaka ปิดบัง engellemek, tutmak 抑制 стримувати(ся) کچھ ہونے سے روک لینا ngăn lại; nén lại 抑制

3 to prevent from making progress I meant to finish cleaning the house but the children have held me back all morning. besig hou يَمْنَع задържам zdržet forhindre abhalten καθυστερώ, εμποδίζω την πρόοδο refrenar, impedir takistama مانع شدن hidastaa retarder לַעֲצוֹר वश में रखना prijeciti, zadržavati visszatart menghambat hindra, tefja trattenere, essere di ostacolo じゃまする 못하게 하다 trukdyti aizkavēt menghalang hinderen, afleiden forhindre powstrzymywać, opóźniać empatar a împiedica, a opri мешать zdržať zadrževati ometati hindra ทำให้ล่าช้า engel olmak, tutmak 阻礙進展 затримувати کام میں رکاوٹ ڈالنا ngăn cản ai/cái gì 阻止

hold down

to keep or be allowed to stay in (a job) He is incapable of holding down a job. behou يَبْقى في، يَحْتَفِظُ ب задържам udržet si holde fast på behalten κρατώ (π.χ. δουλειά) conservar, mantener alal hoidma حفظ كردن pysyä garder לְהַצלִיח לִשׂמוֹר אֶת הַמִשׂרָה किसी नौकरी इत्यादि में बने रहना zadržati (posao) betölt (állást) mempertahankan halda, endast í mantenere 維持する (직업을) 보유하다 išlaikyti paturēt; nezaudēt [] kekal dgn vasthouden beholde, bli i utrzymywać aguentar a păstra удержаться udržať si obdržati se (v službi) zadržati behålla, stanna kvar på (i) ก้มลง elinde tutmak, yürütmek 留住(工作) втримати(ся) کسی چیز کو بر قرار رکھنا tiếp tục giữ một chức vụ 保持住

hold forth

to talk or give one's opinions, often loudly, at great length The prime minister held forth for hours on the success of his government. betoog, uitwei يُلْقي خطابا، يُعَبِّرُ عن رأيِه изказвам мнението си řečnit tale; prædike sich auslassen μιλώ δυνατά και για ώρα perorar, hablar largo y tendido jutlustama پيشنهاد دادن julistaa pérorer לִנאוֹם विस्तार से भाषण देना pružiti, davati; obecavati szónokol mengemukakan láta dæluna ganga (parlare in pubblico) 長々と話す 제안하다 postringauti spriedelēt bercakap dgn panjang lebar uitweiden over legge ut (om), preke, dosere rozprawiać, rozwodzić się discursar a perora разглагольствовать rečniť na dolgo govoriti pričati predika, orera พูดยืดยาว uzun uzun konuşmak 滔滔不絕地發表己見 просторікувати, патякати تقریر کرنا اور اپنی راۓ ظاہر کرنا đưa ra; nêu ra 滔滔不绝地演讲

hold good

to be true or valid; to apply Does that rule hold good in every case? geldig bly يكون ساري المَفْعول верен съм být platný, použitelný gælde gelten ισχύω ser válido/aplicable kehtima صادق بودن olla voimassa rester valable תַּקֵף लागू होना vrijediti (isprava), pokazati se valjanim érvényes berlaku vera gildur applicarsi 当てはまる 유효하다 tikti, galioti būt piemērojamam sah opgeld doen, geldig zijn være sann/gyldig sprawdzać się, obowiązywać aplicar-se a fi valabil иметь силу; действовать byť platný; použiteľný veljati važiti äga giltighet, hålla streck, stå sig ยังดีอยู่ geçerli olmak 適用 мати силу صحیح اور قابل اطلاق ہونا đúng 适用

hold it

to stop or wait Hold it! Don't start till I tell you to. wag يتوقَّف، يَنْتَظِر почакай! stát, nehýbat se stoppe; vente Halt! περιμένω espera pea kinni! دست نگاهداشتن odottaa ne bougez plus! עֲצוֹר इंतजार करना stani! pricekaj! állj! tunggu! stansaðu!, andartak! (aspetta!) 待つ 멈춰! palauk! apturi! pagaidi! nanti dulu! stop, wacht stopp!; vent litt! poczekać, nie ruszać się espere aí! aşteaptă!, stai! подождите čakať počakaj! sačekajte vänta อยู่นิ่ง ๆ Dur!, Durun!, Bekleyin! 停下來，等一下 зачекайте! انتظار کرو chờ đã 停住

hold off

1 (of weather) to stay away I hope the rain holds off. wegbly يَبقى بَعيدا не идвам nespustit, nepřijít ikke blive til noget ausbleiben καθυστερώ (για καιρό) mantener(se) alejado tulemata jääma تأخير كردن pysyä poissa (se) maintainir לְהִתמַהמֵהָ दूर रहना ostati stalan (vrijeme) elmarad menjauh halda sig í fjarlægð (non cadere più) 降らない 내릴 것 같지 않다 neužeiti (par laiku) nesākties berhenti wegblijven ikke komme, holde seg vekk oddalić się, przejść bokiem não vir a nu începe не приходить nespustiť ne priti odložiti hålla upp ยังอยู่ห่างไกล durmak, kesilmek (天氣)不要來 затримуватися کسی خاص قسم کے موسم کا تھمنا ngừng lại 拖延

2 to keep off; to fight successfully against The soldiers managed to hold off the enemy. weghou يُبْعِد، يُحارب بِنجاح одържам zadržet, odrazit holde stand mod; bekæmpe zurückhalten αποκρούω, απωθώ rechazar kinni pidama عقب زدن pitää poissa contenir לַהֲדוֹף किसी के खिलाफ सफल संघर्ष करना odbijati (napade), odolijevati elhárít menahan verjast (tenere a distanza) 防ぐ 공격을 막아내다 sulaikyti atturēt; nelaist tuvumā menewaskan weerstaan, tegenhouden, afweren slå tilbake, verne seg mot powstrzymać afastar a ţine piept отбивать (атаку) odraziť zadržati odbiti hålla på avstånd, hålla ifrån sig ยังอยู่ห่างไกล yaklaştırmamak 抵擋，對抗 затримувати کامیابی سے مقابلہ کرنا cầm chân 阻住

hold on

1 (often withto) to keep (a grip on) (something) She held on to me to stop herself slipping; I couldn't hold on any longer, so I let go of the rope. vashou aan يَتَمَسَّك بِ държа се за držet (se) holde fast festhalten βαστώ, αντέχω να κρατήσω agarrar(se), sujetar kinni hoidma مقاومت كردن pitää kiinni (se) tenir (à) לְהַחֲזִיק ב- थामे रखना cvrsto držati megkapaszkodik vmiben berpegangan halda (sér) fast í tenersi a; resistere つかまる 계속하다 laikytis už, iš(si)laikyti neatlaisties; turpināt; izturēt bertahan vasthouden aan holde seg fast i, klamre seg til trzymać się segurar-se a se ţine bine (de) держаться držať (sa) čvrsto se česa držati držati se hålla fast i, hålla sig kvar vid จับไว้ tutunmak 抓住 триматися گرفت میں رکھنا nắm chặt; giữ chặt 抓住

2 to stop or wait Hold on – I'm not quite ready yet; The operator asked the caller to hold on while she connected him. wag, aanhou يَنْتَظِر спирам počkat, mít strpení stoppe; vente warten σταματώ, περιμένω esperar ootama دست نگاهداشتن odottaa patienter לְחַכּוֹת इंतजार करना cekaj (malo)! vár menunggu bíða aspettare 待つ 멈추다 palaukti, nepadėti ragelio pagaidi! pagaidīt tunggu wachten vente et øyeblikk zaczekać esperar a aştepta подождать počkať počakati sačekati vänta จับไว้ beklemek, durmak 暫停，別掛電話 почекати رک کر انتظار کرنا dừng và chờ 别挂（电话）

hold out

1 to continue to survive etc until help arrives The rescue team hoped the men in the boat could hold out till they arrived. uithou, volhou يَبْقى حَيّا، يَثْبُت държа се vydržet kunne overleve; holde den gående durchhalten αντέχω, επιζώ resistir, aguantar vastu pidama دوام آوردن selvitä (sou)tenir לְהַחֲזִיק מַעֲמָד मदद आने तक टिका रहना izdržati do kraja, podnijeti kitart bertahan halda út, gefast ekki upp resistere 持ちこたえる 버티다 išlaikyti, ištverti izturēt bertahan uithouden, volhouden holde ut/stand wytrzymywać, wytrwać aguentar-se a rezista выдерживать vydržať vzdržati izdržati hålla ut ยื่นมือไปข้างหน้า dayanmak 支撐下去(直到救援抵達) витримувати قائم رہنا kiên trì; dai dẳng 支持

2 to continue to fight against an enemy attack The soldiers held out for eight days. uithou يَصْمُد отстоявам držet se, odolat holde ud standhalten (εξακολουθώ να) αντιστέκομαι resistir, aguantar vastu pidama مقاومت كردن tehdä vastarintaa tenir לְהַחֲזִיק מַעֲמָד दुश्मन के हमले के खिलाफ संघर्ष जारी रखना izdržati, ne popuštati kitart (harcban) terus melawan verjast resistere 抵抗する 저항을 계속하다 atsilaikyti noturēties bertahan volhouden holde stand/ut nie ustępować, wytrwać aguentar-se a rezista выдерживать vydržať vzdržati izdržati napad hålla stånd, stå emot ยื่นมือไปข้างหน้า teslim olmamak, dayanmak, direnmek 持續抵抗 протриматися مدافعت کیے جانا chiến đấu kiên cường 坚持

3 to be enough to last Will our supplies hold out till the end of the month? hou يَكْفي издържам postačit holde ausreichen βαστώ, διαρκώ aguantar, durar vastu pidama دوام آوردن riittää suffire לְהַספִּיק कोई चीज कुछ दिन तक चलने के लिए पर्याप्त होना dostajati, doteci kitart cukup endast durare もつ 없어지지 않다 užtekti (ko) pietikt mencukupi voldoende zijn være, holde wytrzymywać durar a fi suficient хватать vystačiť zadostovati biti dovoljan räcka ยื่นมือไปข้างหน้า yetmek, dayanmak 足以維持 вистачити بر قرار رہنا đủ để tồn tại 维持

hold one's own

to be as successful in a fight, argument etc as one's opponent His opponents tried to prove his arguments wrong but he managed to hold his own. jou man staan يَصْمُد، يثبُت على مَوقفه отстоявам úspěšně obstát holde stand sich behaupten τα βγάζω πέρα mantenerse firme suutma vastu seista موفقيت خود را حفظ كردن pitää päänsä tenir bon לֶאֱחוֹז בְעֶמדַתוֹ बराबर का होना uspješno se braniti (odupirati), držati se helytáll mempertahankan diri standa sig; gefa ekki eftir (tenere duro) 負けない 입장을 고수하다 nepasiduoti palikt pie sava; nepadoties memenangi overeind blijven, zich de gelijke tonen, niet onderdoen voor hevde/stå/klare seg bra nie poddać się ficar firme a nu se da bătut постоять за себя obstáť ostati pri svojem istrajati hävda sig, stå på sig, försvara sin plats dayanmak, ayak diremek 堅守住陣腳或立場 наполягати на своєму کسی مقابلے ، بحث وغیرہ میں کامیاب ہونا giữ vững vị trí; giữ vững lập trường 坚守住

hold one's tongue

to remain silent or stop talking There were a lot of things I wanted to say, but I thought I'd better just hold my tongue. stilbly, jou mond hou يَلْزَم الصَّمْت، يحْفَظ لِسانُه държа езика си зад зъбите držet jazyk za zuby tie stille; tie den Mund halten μένω σιωπηλός morderse la lengua suud kinni hoidma جلوي زبان خود را گرفتن pysyä vaiti tenir sa langue לִשתוֹק चुप रहना držati jezik za zubima tartja a száját þegja, þagna tenere la lingua a freno 黙る 잠자코 있다 laikyti liežuvį už dantų klusēt; turēt muti berdiam diri daripada berkata-kata zwijgen holde munn/inne med trzymać język za zębami calar-se a-şi ţine gura держать язык за зубами držať jazyk za zubami držati jezik za zobmi ćutati hålla mun, tiga dilini tutmak 保持緘默，閉口不說 держати язик за зубами خاموش رہنا giữ im lặng 不开口

hold up

1 to stop or slow the progress of I'm sorry I'm late – I got held up at the office. vertraag يُعَوِّق، يُعَرْقِل، يُعَطِّل задържам držet (se) opholde aufhalten καθυστερώ retener kinni pidama به تاخیر انداختن hidastaa retenir לְעַכֵּב विलम्ब करना zadržati se feltart(óztat) menghambat tefja trattenere 止める 지체시키다 sulaikyti, sutrukdyti (ką) aizkavēt; apturēt ditahan ophouden, remmen, frustreren (for)sinke, oppholde, forhale zatrzymywać reter a reţine задерживать zdržať (sa), zastaviť zadržati zadržati uppehålla ยกขึ้น geciktirmek 耽擱，拖延 затримати بڑھنے نہ دینا làm đình trệ 使停顿

2 to stop and rob The bandits held up the stagecoach. beroof, oorval يَقْطَع الطَّريق، يَسْرُق спирам и обирам (ozbrojeně) přepadnout holde op überfallen ληστεύω asaltar, atracar röövima مورد سرقت قرار دادن ryöstää attaquer (à main armée) לִשדוֹד रोक कर लूटना izvršiti prepad na, zaustaviti i opljackati feltartóztat és kirabol merampok ræna assaltare 強奪する 총 등을 들이대고 강탈하다 užpulti apstādināt (aplaupīšanas nolūkos) menahan dan merompak overvallen overfalle og plyndre, rane zatrzymywać w celach rabunkowych assaltar a ataca останавливать с целью грабежа prepadnúť oropati opljačkati göra ett väpnat rån ยกขึ้น yolunu kesip soymak 攔下搶劫 перестрівати і грабувати لوٹنا cướp 抢劫

n hold-up

vertraging, roofaanval قَطْع الطريق، سَرِقَه задържане loupežné přepadení holdop; røveri das Hindernis, der Überfall ληστεία asalto, atraco rööv سرقت مسلحانه ryöstö vol à main armée שׁוֹד रोकना razbojnicki prepad, zastoj forgalmi akadály, torlódás; gengsztertámadás perampokan rán assalto 強奪 노상 강도; (교통) 정체 užpuolimas apstādināšana (aplaupīšanas nolūkos) rompakan oponthoud ran, overfall napad rabunkowy assalto hold-up, atac armat (вооружённое) ограбление lúpežné prepadnutie roparski napad zastoj uppehåll, väpnat rån ยกขึ้น gecikme; yol kesip soyma 停頓 затримка; пограбування سبھالنا sự tắc nghẽn hoặc trì hoãn; vụ cướp 停顿

hold with

to approve of He doesn't hold with smoking. goedkeur يُقِرُّ، يُوافِق على одобрявам schvalovat godtage es halten mit εγκρίνω estar de acuerdo con heaks kiitma موافقت كردن با hyväksyä approuver לְהַסכִּים से सहमत होना odobravati, slagati se sa helyesel (vmit) menyukai vera hlynntur approvare 賛成する 찬성하다 pritarti piekrist; aizstāvēt setuju iets hebben met holde med, være tilhenger av pochwalać aprovar a fi de acord cu одобрять schvaľovať odobravati odobravati gilla ยอมรับ onaylamak 贊同 схвалювати موافق ہونا đồng ý 赞同

hold²

n hold [həuld]

(in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored. skeepsruim عَنْبَر أو مَخْزَن السَّفينَه трюм nákladový prostor last der Schiffsraum αμπάρι bodega trümm انبار يا فضای زير عرشه كشتی ruuma cale סַפנָה पोत पर जगह जहां माल रखा जाता है teretni prostor broda hajóűr; raktér palka vörulest 船倉 선창(船倉) triumas (kuģa) kravas telpas palka scheepsruim lasterom ładownia porão cală трюм sklad v podpalubí podkrovje potpalublje lastrum พื้นที่ที่ใช้เก็บสินค้าในเรือหรือเครื่องบิน gemi ambarı (船的)貨艙 трюм جہاز وغیرہ میں سامان رکھنے کا نچلا خانہ hầm chứa hàng 货舱

hold → يَحتَفظ ب podržet holde halten κρατώ sujetar pidellä tenir držati tenere 手に持つ ...을 잡고 있다 vasthouden holde trzymać segurar держать hålla ถือ tutmak cầm 持有

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clutch contain containerful get hold of grasp grip hold back hold down hold forth hold in hold off hold on hold out hold over hold sway hold the line hold up hold water hold with			hold out hold over hold still for hold sway hold the line hold tight hold together hold up hold water hold with hold-down hold-up holdall holdback holden holder Holder-forth Hölderlin holdfast holding holding anchorage holding attack holding cell holding company holding device holding harmless Holding note holding operation holding paddock holding pattern holding pen holding point holding position holding yard holdings holdout holdover holdup holdup man hole Hole and corner Hole board hole card hole in one Hole in the air hole in the heart hole in the wall hole out hole up hole-and-corner hole-in-corner			holding forth holding forth holding forth holding forth holding furnace Holding gain Holding gains holding good holding good holding good holding good holding good holding ground holding ground holding ground holding ground holding grounds holding hand holding hand holding hand holding hand holding hand Holding hands Holding hands Holding hands Holding hands Holding hands Holding hands Holding Hands While Walking Holding Hands While Walking Pa-Sway Sway Pa holding harmless holding head high holding head high holding head high holding head high holding horses holding horses holding horses holding horses holding horses holding in constraint holding in contempt holding in contempt holding in contempt holding in custody holding in derision holding in derision holding in fee holding in fee holding in fee holding in fee holding in fee holding in restraint holding in severalty holding in severalty holding in severalty holding in the palm of hand holding in the palm of hand holding in the palm of hand Holding Inquests Holding Inquests

hold (redirected from holding harmless)

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