Hormetic effects of hormones, antihormones, and antidepressants on cancer cell growth in culture: in vivo correlates.
A threshold, sublinear, or
hormetic model for bladder cancer and inorganic arsenic exposure has been proposed from toxicologic studies, based on a number of modes of action (Snow et al.
2002), and there are two distinct possibilities for this
hormetic response.
In many cases, nonmonotonic dose-response curves are called
hormetic responses even in the absence of any mechanistic characterization of that response.
When data are generated only at high concentrations/doses, it is difficult to determine whether the dose-response curve in question is best described by a linear (no threshold), supralinear, threshold, or
hormetic model (Figure 7).
However, a recent review of toxicologic studies designed to identify
hormetic responses (defined as low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition) revealed that low-dose responses (below NOAEL) were "frequently encountered and [are] broadly represented according to agent, model and end point" (Calabrese and Baldwin 2001).
This
hormetic effect was statistically significant across all AC measures (p < 0.
2002); again, the response was
hormetic and disappeared once the dose was raised above the toxicity threshold.
The rise of antioxidant signaling--the evolution and
hormetic actions of Nrf2.
Identification of metabolic pathways in Daphnia magna explaining
hormetic effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and 4-nonylphenol using transcriptomic and phenotypic responses.
Cellular stress responses,
hormetic phytochemicals and vitagenes in aging and longevity.
Mimetics of
hormetic agents: stress-resistance triggers.