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in·clude ( n-kl d )tr.v. in·clud·ed, in·clud·ing, in·cludes 1. To take in as a part, element, or member. 2. To contain as a secondary or subordinate element. 3. To consider with or place into a group, class, or total: thanked the host for including us.
[Middle English includen, from Latin incl dere, to enclose : in-, in; see in-2 + claudere, to close.]
in·cluda·ble, in·cludi·ble adj. Synonyms: include, comprise, comprehend, embrace, involve
These verbs mean to take in or contain as part of something larger. Include often implies an incomplete listing: "Through the process of amendment, interpretation and court decision I have finally been included in 'We, the people'" Barbara C. Jordan.
Comprise usually implies that all of the components are stated: The book comprises 15 chapters.
Comprehend and embrace usually refer to the taking in of subordinate elements: My field of study comprehends several disciplines. This theory embraces many facets of human behavior.
Involve usually suggests inclusion as a logical consequence or necessary condition: "Every argument involves some assumptions" Brooke F. Westcott. Usage Note: Some writers insist that include be used only when it is followed by a partial list of the contents of the referent of the subject. Therefore, one may write New England includes Connecticut and Rhode Island, but one must use comprise or consist of to provide full enumeration: New England comprises (not includes) Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. This restriction is too strong. Include does not rule out the possibility of a complete listing. Thus the sentence The bibliography should include all the journal articles you have used does not entail that the bibliography must contain something other than journal articles, though it does leave that possibility open. The use of comprise or consist of, however, will avoid ambiguity when a listing is meant to be exhaustive. Thus the sentence The task force includes all of the Navy units on active duty in the region allows for the possibility that Marine and Army units are also taking part, where the same sentence with comprise would entail that the task force contained only Navy forces. See Usage Note at comprise. |
include Verb [-cluding, -cluded] 1. to have as part of the whole 2. to put in as part of a set, group, or category [Latin in- in + claudere to close]
ThesaurusLegend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms | Verb | 1. | include - have as a part, be made up out of; "The list includes the names of many famous writers"contain, incorporate, comprise - include or contain; have as a component; "A totally new idea is comprised in this paper"; "The record contains many old songs from the 1930's" embrace, encompass, comprehend, cover - include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory; "This group encompasses a wide range of people from different backgrounds"; "this should cover everyone in the group" involve - contain as a part; "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" subsume - contain or include; "This new system subsumes the old one" contain, bear, carry, hold - contain or hold; have within; "The jar carries wine"; "The canteen holds fresh water"; "This can contains water" exclude - lack or fail to include; "The cost for the trip excludes food and beverages" | | 2. | include - consider as part of something; "I include you in the list of culprits"count - include as if by counting; "I can count my colleagues in the opposition" colligate, subsume - consider (an instance of something) as part of a general rule or principle consider, regard, view, reckon, see - deem to be; "She views this quite differently from me"; "I consider her to be shallow"; "I don't see the situation quite as negatively as you do" carry - include, as on a list; "How many people are carried on the payroll?" | | 3. | include - add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category; "We must include this chemical element in the group"chemical science, chemistry - the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions add - make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of; "We added two students to that dorm room"; "She added a personal note to her letter"; "Add insult to injury"; "Add some extra plates to the dinner table" | | 4. | include - allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of; "admit someone to the profession"; "She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar"countenance, permit, allow, let - consent to, give permission; "She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband"; "I won't let the police search her basement"; "I cannot allow you to see your exam" admit, take on, accept, take - admit into a group or community; "accept students for graduate study"; "We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member" induct, initiate - accept people into an exclusive society or group, usually with some rite; "African men are initiated when they reach puberty" readmit - admit again or anew; "After paying a penalty, the player was readmitted" involve - engage as a participant; "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" |
include verb 1. contain, involve, incorporate, cover, consist of, take in, embrace, comprise, take into account, embody, encompass, comprehend, subsume << OPPOSITE exclude  Translations
includev include [iŋˈkluːd]to take in or consider along with (other people, things etc) as part of a group, set etc Am I included in the team?; Your duties include making the tea.insluitيَشْمَل، يَشتَمِلвключвамzahrnoutinkludere; tage med; indbefatteeinschließen(συμ)περιλαμβάνωincluirkaasa arvama, sisaldamaشامل بودنsisältää, laskea mukaaninclure, comprendreלְהָכִיל, לִכלוֹלसम्मिलित करनाuključiti, uključivatibenne van; tartalmaz; be(le)veszmencakuptelja meðincludere, comprendere含む포함하다įtrauktiietvert; iekļauttermasukopnemen, bevattenmedregne, omfatte, inkludereobejmowaćincluira include, a cuprindeвключатьzahrnúť (do), zahŕňať, obsahovaťvključitiuključitiinnefatta, inkludera, omfattaประกอบด้วยdahil etmek包括містити в собі, охоплюватиشامل ہوناbao gồm包括 n inˈclusion [-ʒən]insluitingإشْتِمال، تَضَمُّنвключванеzapočtení doindbefatningdie Einbeziehungσυνυπολογισμόςinclusiónkaasaarvamineدرخود داریsisällyttämineninclusionהָכלָלָהसमावेशनuključivanje, uključenjebeleértés, beleszámításpencakupanþað að vera innifalinn/meðtalinninclusione包含포함įtraukimasietveršana; iekļaušanapemasukaninsluitingmedregning, inkluderingwłączenieinclusãoincludereвключениеzahrnutievključitevuključivanjeinnefattande, medräknandeการผนวกdahil etme包括включення; вміщенняشمولیتsự bao gồm包括 prep includingThe whole family has been ill, including the baby.inbegrepe, asookبِما فيه، بِضِمْنِهвключителноvčetněinklusiveeinschließlichσυμπεριλαμβανομένουincluyendo, incluidokaasa arvatudمن جملهmukaan lukien(y) comprisכּוֹלֵלसम्मिलित करते हुएuračunavši, uključivobeleértvetermasukþar með talinncompreso～を含めて...을 포함하여įskaitantieskaitot; to skaitātermasukinbegrepenmedregnet, inklusivłącznie zincluindoinclusivвключая, в том числеvrátanevključnouključujućiinklusive, däriblandรวมทั้ง...-de dahil包括включаючи, в тому числіبشمولbao gồm包括 adj inˈclusive [-siv]counting both the first and last in a series May 7 to May 9 inclusive is three days.insluitendشامِل، مُشْتَمِل عَلىвключващvčetněinklusive; iberegneteinschließlichπου συμπεριλαμβάνειinclusivekaasa arvatudشامل شده؛ کلیmukaan luettunainclusכּוֹלֵלको मिलाकरkoji sadržava, uključivbezárólagsampai denganmeðtalinnincluso含めて포함한imtinaiietverošs; ieskaitottermasukinclusiefinnbefattet, inklusivwłącznieinclusiveinclusivвключающий (в себя)vrátanevštetuključujućiinberäknad, till och medทั้งหมดkapsayan, içeren(首尾)包括在內的включноمع، بشمولkể cả（首尾）包括在内的
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