including

in·clude  (n-kld)

tr.v. in·clud·ed, in·clud·ing, in·cludes

1. To take in as a part, element, or member.

2. To contain as a secondary or subordinate element.

3. To consider with or place into a group, class, or total: thanked the host for including us.

---

[Middle English includen, from Latin incldere, to enclose : in-, in; see in-² + claudere, to close.]

---

in·cluda·ble, in·cludi·ble adj.

Synonyms: include, comprise, comprehend, embrace, involve
These verbs mean to take in or contain as part of something larger. Include often implies an incomplete listing: "Through the process of amendment, interpretation and court decision I have finally been included in 'We, the people'" (Barbara C. Jordan).
Comprise usually implies that all of the components are stated: The book comprises 15 chapters.
Comprehend and embrace usually refer to the taking in of subordinate elements: My field of study comprehends several disciplines. This theory embraces many facets of human behavior.
Involve usually suggests inclusion as a logical consequence or necessary condition: "Every argument involves some assumptions" (Brooke F. Westcott).

Usage Note: Some writers insist that include be used only when it is followed by a partial list of the contents of the referent of the subject. Therefore, one may write New England includes Connecticut and Rhode Island, but one must use comprise or consist of to provide full enumeration: New England comprises (not includes) Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. This restriction is too strong. Include does not rule out the possibility of a complete listing. Thus the sentence The bibliography should include all the journal articles you have used does not entail that the bibliography must contain something other than journal articles, though it does leave that possibility open. The use of comprise or consist of, however, will avoid ambiguity when a listing is meant to be exhaustive. Thus the sentence The task force includes all of the Navy units on active duty in the region allows for the possibility that Marine and Army units are also taking part, where the same sentence with comprise would entail that the task force contained only Navy forces. See Usage Note at comprise.

Thesaurus

including

preposition containing, with, counting, plus, together with, as well as, inclusive of seventeen Western hostages, including three Britons

Translations

including [ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ] PREP terms £80, not including service → precio 80 libras, servicio no incluido
$20, including post and packing → $20 incluidos gastos de envío
seven including this one → siete con éste
everyone, including the President → todos, incluido el Presidente
that applies to everyone, including you → eso va por todos, tú incluido
up to and including chapter seven → hasta el capítulo siete inclusive

---

including [ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ] prep → y compris
It will be 200 euros, including tax → Ça coûtera deux cents euros, toutes taxes comprises.
including service charge → service compris
including postage and packing → port emballage compris
It costs £15.50, including postage and packing → Ça coûte 15,50 livres, port emballage compris.
nine people, including two Britons (= of whom two were) → neuf personnes, dont deux Anglais
Nine people were injured, including two Britons → Neuf personnes ont été blessées dont deux Anglais.
up to and including ... → jusqu'à ... inclus

---

including

prep → einschließlich, inklusive, inbegriffen, mit; that makes seven including you → mit Ihnen sind das sieben; that comes to 100 euros including postage and packing → das kommt auf 100 EUR inklusive or einschließlich Porto und Verpackung; there were six rooms including kitchen → mit Küche waren es sechs Zimmer, es waren sechs Zimmer einschließlich Küche; many people, including my father, had been invited → viele Leute, darunter mein Vater, waren eingeladen; including the service charge, including service → inklusive Bedienung, Bedienung (mit) inbegriffen; up to and including chapter V → bis inklusive or einschließlich Kapitel V; up to and including March 4th → bis einschließlich 4. März

---

including [ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ] prep → compreso/a, incluso/a
including VAT → IVA compresa
seven books including this one → sette libri compreso or incluso questo
up to and including Chapter 12 → fino al capitolo 12 compreso or incluso

---

including → بما فى ذلك včetně inklusive einschließlich συμπεριλαμβανομένου incluyendo mukaan lukien y compris uključujući incluso ･･･を含めて ...을 포함하여 inclusief medregnet włączając incluindo включая inklusive รวมทั้ง dahil bao gồm cả 包括