challenge (redirected from inhalational challenge)

chal·lenge  (chlnj)

n.

1.

a. A call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition: a challenge to a duel.

b. An act or statement of defiance; a call to confrontation: a challenge to the government's authority.

2. A demand for explanation or justification; a calling into question: a challenge to a theory.

3. A sentry's call to an unknown party for proper identification.

4. A test of one's abilities or resources in a demanding but stimulating undertaking: a career that offers a challenge.

5. A claim that a vote is invalid or that a voter is unqualified.

6. Law A formal objection to the inclusion of a prospective juror in a jury.

7. Immunology The induction or evaluation of an immune response in an organism by administration of a specific antigen to which it has been sensitized.

v. chal·lenged, chal·leng·ing, chal·leng·es

v.tr.

1.

a. To call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition: challenged me to a game of chess.

b. To invite with defiance; dare: challenged him to contradict her. See Synonyms at defy.

2. To take exception to; call into question; dispute: a book that challenges established beliefs.

3. To order to halt and be identified, as by a sentry.

4. Law To take formal objection to (a prospective juror).

5. To question the qualifications of (a voter) or validity of (a vote).

6. To have due claim to; call for: events that challenge our attention.

7. To summon to action, effort, or use; stimulate: a problem that challenges the imagination.

8. Immunology To induce or evaluate an immune response in (an organism) by administering a specific antigen to which it has been sensitized.

v.intr.

1. To make or give voice to a challenge.

2. To begin barking upon picking up the scent. Used of hunting dogs.

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[Middle English chalenge, from Old French, from Latin calumnia, trickery, false accusation; see calumny. V., from Middle English chalengen, from Old French chalangier, from Latin calumnir, from calumnia.]

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challenge·a·ble adj.

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challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ]

vb (mainly tr)

1. to invite or summon (someone to do something, esp to take part in a contest)

2. (also intr) to call (something) into question; dispute

3. to make demands on; stimulate the job challenges his ingenuity

4. (Military) to order (a person) to halt and be identified or to give a password

5. (Law) Law to make formal objection to (a juror or jury)

6. to lay claim to (attention, etc.)

7. (Individual Sports & Recreations / Hunting) (intr) Hunting (of a hound) to cry out on first encountering the scent of a quarry

8. (Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Veterinary Science) to inject (an experimental animal immunized with a test substance) with disease microorganisms to test for immunity to the disease

n

1. a call to engage in a fight, argument, or contest

2. a questioning of a statement or fact; a demand for justification or explanation

3. a demanding or stimulating situation, career, object, etc.

4. (Military) a demand by a sentry, watchman, etc., for identification or a password

5. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) US an assertion that a person is not entitled to vote or that a vote is invalid

6. (Law) Law a formal objection to a person selected to serve on a jury (challenge to the polls) or to the whole body of jurors (challenge to the array)

[from Old French chalenge, from Latin calumnia calumny]

challengeable  adj

challenger  n

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Any process carried out by one unit or person with the object of ascertaining the friendly or hostile character or identity of another. See also countersign; password.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	challenge - a demanding or stimulating situation; "they reacted irrationally to the challenge of Russian power" situation, state of affairs - the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; "the present international situation is dangerous"; "wondered how such a state of affairs had come about"; "eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation"- Franklin D.Roosevelt
	2.	challenge - a call to engage in a contest or fight speech act - the use of language to perform some act dare, daring - a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy; "he could never refuse a dare" confrontation - a bold challenge call-out - a challenge to a fight or duel defiance - a hostile challenge calling into question, demand for explanation - a challenge to defend what someone has said demand for identification - as by a sentry gantlet, gauntlet - to offer or accept a challenge; "threw down the gauntlet"; "took up the gauntlet"
	3.	challenge - questioning a statement and demanding an explanation; "his challenge of the assumption that Japan is still our enemy" inquiring, questioning - a request for information
	4.	challenge - a formal objection to the selection of a particular person as a juror objection - the speech act of objecting
	5.	challenge - a demand by a sentry for a password or identification demand - an urgent or peremptory request; "his demands for attention were unceasing"
Verb	1.	challenge - take exception to; "She challenged his claims" dispute, gainsay call - challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of; "call the speaker on a question of fact" call - challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense; "He deserves to be called on that" contest, repugn, contend - to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation; "They contested the outcome of the race"
	2.	challenge - issue a challenge to; "Fischer challenged Spassky to a match" invite, bid - ask someone in a friendly way to do something provoke, stimulate - provide the needed stimulus for counterchallenge - challenge in turn; "The authentication was counterchallenged" call into question, oppugn, question - challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of; "We must question your judgment in this matter" impeach - challenge the honesty or veracity of; "the lawyers tried to impeach the credibility of the witnesses" impugn - attack as false or wrong dare, defy - challenge; "I dare you!" call one's bluff - ask to prove what someone is claiming; "John called Mary's bluff when she claimed she could prove the theorem in under an hour" call out - challenge to a duel; "Aaron Burr called out Alexander Hamilton" remand, send back, remit - refer (a matter or legal case) to another committee or authority or court for decision appeal - take a court case to a higher court for review; "He was found guilty but appealed immediately" action, sue, litigate, process - institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against; "He was warned that the district attorney would process him"; "She actioned the company for discrimination" litigate - engage in legal proceedings
	3.	challenge - ask for identification; "The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard" call for, request, bespeak, quest - express the need or desire for; ask for; "She requested an extra bed in her room"; "She called for room service"
	4.	challenge - raise a formal objection in a court of law take exception law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" object - express or raise an objection or protest or criticism or express dissent; "She never objected to the amount of work her boss charged her with"; "When asked to drive the truck, she objected that she did not have a driver's license" appeal - challenge (a decision); "She appealed the verdict"

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challenge

noun

1. dare, provocation, summons to contest I like a challenge, and they don't come much bigger than this.

2. test, trial, opposition, confrontation, defiance, ultimatum, face-off (slang) In December, she saw off the first challenge to her leadership.

verb

1. dispute, question, tackle, confront, defy, object to, disagree with, take issue with, impugn The move was immediately challenged by the opposition.

2. dare, invite, provoke, defy, summon, call out, throw down the gauntlet He left a note at the crime scene, challenging detectives to catch him.

3. test, try, tax a task that would challenge his courage

4. question, interrogate, accost The men opened fire after they were challenged by the guard.

Translations

challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ]

A. N

1. (to game, fight etc) → desafío m, reto m; [of sentry] → alto m
to issue a challenge to sb → desafiar a algn
to rise to the challenge → ponerse a la altura de las circunstancias
to take up a challenge → aceptar un desafío

2. (= bid) (for leadership etc) → intento m (for por) Vigo's challenge for the league leadership → la tentativa que hace el Vigo para hacerse con el liderato de la liga

3. (fig) → desafío m, reto m
this task is a great challenge → esta tarea representa un gran desafío
the challenge of the 21st century → el reto del siglo XXI
the challenge of new ideas → el reto de las nuevas ideas

4. (Jur) → recusación f

B. VT

1. (to duel) → desafiar, retar; [sentry] → dar el alto a

2. [+ speaker] → hablar en contra de
to challenge sb to do sth → desafiar or retar a algn a que haga algo

3. (= dispute) [+ fact, point] → poner en duda
I challenge that conclusion → dudo que esa conclusión sea acertada

4. (Jur) → recusar

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challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ]

n

(= difficult thing) → défi m
to rise to the challenge → se montrer à la hauteur

(= questioning) → mise f en doute, mise f en question

(= defiance) → défi m

vt

[+ team, opponent] → défier; [+ competitor] → défier

(= question) [+ statement, right] → mettre en question, contester

(= invite) to challenge sb to sth → défier qn à qch
to challenge sb to a fight → défier qn en combat singulier
to challenge sb to a game → lancer un défi à qn (au tennis, aux échecs etc)
She challenged me to a race → Elle m'a proposé de faire la course avec elle.

to challenge sb to do sth → mettre qn au défi de faire qch

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challenge

n

(to duel, match etc) → Herausforderung f (→ to an +acc); (fig: = demands) → Anforderung (→ en pl) f; to issue a challenge to somebody → jdn herausfordern; this job is a challenge → bei dieser Arbeit ist man gefordert; I see this task as a challenge → ich sehe diese Aufgabe als Herausforderung; the challenge of modern life → die Anforderungen des heutigen Lebens; those who rose to the challenge → diejenigen, die sich der Herausforderung stellten; the office job presented no challenge for him → die Bürotätigkeit stellte keine Ansprüche an ihn or forderte ihn nicht; the challenge of the unknown → der Reiz des Unbekannten

(= bid: for leadership etc) → Griff m → (for nach); a direct challenge to his authority → eine direkte Infragestellung seiner Autorität

(Mil, of sentry) → Anruf m, → Werdaruf m

(Jur, of witness) → Ablehnung f

vt

person, champion (to duel, race etc) → herausfordern; world record etc → überbieten wollen; to challenge somebody to do something → wetten, dass jd etw nicht (tun) kann; he challenged her to run a marathon → er wettete, dass sie keinen Marathonlauf machen würde; to challenge somebody to a duel → jdn zum Duell fordern; to challenge somebody to a game → jdn zu einer Partie herausfordern

(fig: = make demands on) → fordern

(fig) remarks, sb’s authority → infrage or in Frage stellen, anfechten

(sentry) → anrufen

(Jur) witnesses → ablehnen; evidence, verdict → anfechten

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challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ]

1. n → sfida; (of sentry) → intimazione f
to issue a challenge → lanciare una sfida
to take up the challenge → accettare or raccogliere la sfida
this task is a great challenge → questo compito è una grande sfida

2. vt (to contest) → sfidare; (subj, sentry) → intimare l'alt a; (dispute, fact, point, statement, right) → mettere in dubbio, contestare
to challenge sb to a fight/game → sfidare qn a battersi/ad una partita
to challenge sb to do sth → sfidare qn a fare qc
to challenge sb to a duel → sfidare qn a duello

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challenge

v challenge [ˈtʃӕlindʒ]

1 to ask (someone) to take part in a contest He challenged his brother to a round of golf. uitdaag يَدْعو للمُبارَزَه، يَتَحَدّى предизвиквам vyzvat udfordre herausfordern προκαλώ (σε διαγωνισμό) desafiar, retar välja kutsuma به مبارزه طلبیدن haastaa défier לְהַזמִין לְהִתמוֹדדוּת चुनौती देना zvati, izazvati kihív menantang skora á sfidare 挑戦する (누구에게 경기 참가를) 권하다 iškviesti izaicināt cabar uitdagen utfordre rzucać wyzwanie desafiar a provoca вызвать на состязание vyzvať izzvati izazvati utmana ท้าทาย yarışmaya davet etmek, meydan okumak 向...挑戰 кидати виклик, викликати مقبل کرنے کے لئے للکارنا thách thức 向...挑战

2 to question (someone's authority or right, the truth of a statement etc). uitdaag, uittart, betwis يَتَحَدّى، يَعْتَرِض، يَطْعَنُ في صَلاجِيَّة подлагам на съмнение pochybovat anfægte; protestere mod; rejse indvending mod anzweifeln αμφισβητώ poner en duda, cuestionar vaidlustama مورد تردید قرار دادن؛ زیر سئوال بردن kyseenalaistaa mettre en doute לִקרוֹא תִּיגָר ललकार osporavati kérdőre von mempertanyakan véfengja, rengja mettere in dubbio 異議を申し立てる (권위, 진실성에) 도전하다 ginčyti, kvestionuoti apstrīdēt soal betwisten utfordre, dra i tvil kwestionować contestar a pune la îndoială оспаривать spochybniť podvomiti (o čem) dovesti u pitanje bestrida, protestera mot เรียกร้อง araştırmak, sormak 質問 оспорювати; піддавати сумніву سوال اٹھانا thẩm tra 质问

n

1 an invitation to a contest He accepted his brother's challenge to a fight. uitdaging اسْتِدْعاءٌ للمُبارَزَه покана за състезание výzva udfordring die Herausforderung πρόκληση (σε διαγωνισμό) desafío väljakutse به مبارزه طلبی haaste défi אֶתגָר चुनौती, दावा poziv, izazov kihívás tantangan áskorun sfida 挑戦 경기참가 권유 iškvietimas izaicinājums cabaran uitdaging utfordring, oppfordring wyzwanie desafio provocare вызов (на состязание) výzva izziv izazov utmaning การท้าทาย yarışmaya davet, meydan okuma 挑戰 виклик مقابلہ کرنے کی دعوت دینا lời mời tham gia cuộc thi 邀请比赛

2 the act of questioning someone's right, a statement etc. uitdaging تَحَدٍّ، طَعْنٌ في صَلاحِيَّة съмнение pochybování anfægtelse; dragen i tvivl; protest der Widerspruch αμφισβήτηση recusación vaidlustamine مورد تردید قرار دهی kyseenalaistaminen mise en question קְרִיאַת תִּיגָר टोकना dovoditi u pitanje kétségbevonás mempertanyakan véfenging (il mettere in dubbio) 異議の申し立て (권리, 진술에 대한) 도전 protestas, iššūkis apstrīdēšana mempersoal vraag om uitleg innsigelse, innvending, protest sprzeciw contestação punere sub semnul întrebării оспаривание spochybnenie kritika; spodbijanje osporavanje bestridande, protest การเรียกร้อง araştırma, sorma 質問 оспорювання کسی کے حق پرسوا ل اٹھانا ، بیان sự thẩm tra 质问

n challenger

uitdager مُتَحَدٍِّّ претендент vyzývatel, soupeř udfordrer der Herausforderer διεκδικητής, αμφισβητίας contrincante, aspirante väljakutsuja مقبله طلب haastaja provocateur/-trice יָרִיב चुनौती देने वाला izazivač kihívó penantang áskorandi sfidante 挑戦者 도전자 varžovas izaicinātājs pencabar uitdager, betwister utfordrer rzucający wyzwanie, zgłaszający sprzeciw desafiador challenger; pretendent посылающий вызов; претендент vyzývateľ, -ka izzivalec izazivač utmanare คู่แข่ง rakip, meydan okuyan 挑戰者 той, що кидає виклик; той, хто заперечує що سوال اٹھانے والا người thách thức 挑战者

adj challenging

demanding effort; difficult a challenging job/idea. uitdagende مُتَحَدٍّ، يَحْتاجُ إلى جُهْد، صَعْب предизвикателен náročný udfordrende herausfordernd δύσκολος, απαιτητικός desafiante, estimulante, que supone un reto väljakutset esitav چالشی haastava qui met au défi מְאַתגֵר चुनौतीपूर्ण izazovan, provokativan kihívó penuh tantangan ögrandi stimolante 難しいがやりがいのある 도전적인 daug pastangų reikalaujantis, sunkus grūts; rosinošs mencabar een uitdaging vormend utfordrende wymagający estimulante solicitant трудный, но интересный náročný izzivalen izazovan utmanande อย่างท้าทาย çaba gerektiren, güç ama ilginç 有挑戰性的 стимулюючий; такий, що потребує віддачі всіх сил دقت طلب ، دشوار thuộc thách thức 挑战的

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challenge → تحدى, يتحدى náročný úkol, vyzvat udfordre, udfordring herausfordern, Herausforderung προκαλώ, πρόκληση desafiar, desafío haastaa, haaste défi, lancer un défi izazov, izazvati sfida, sfidare 挑戦, 挑戦する 도전, 도전하다 uitdagen, uitdaging utfordre, utfordring wyzwać, wyzwanie desafiar, desafio вызов, оспаривать utmana, utmaning การท้าทาย, ท้าทาย meydan okumak, zorluk sự thách thức, thách thức 挑战